Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
C. or as others call him, Cn. Marcius Coriolanus, a young patrician of
eminence, very likely of the lesser clans, as these are on the whole
most opposed to the _Plebes_, had distinguished himself in the wars
against the Antiates. He had been commanding officer in the army which
the consuls had led against the Volscians, at a time which of course
the poem does not specify. The army besieged Corioli; the Volscians,
advancing from Antium, wished to relieve it; Coriolanus took it by
storm, whilst the army of the consul fought against the Antiates. For
this his name was given him, and he was highly extolled. Yet the same
person who in the war appears as a youth, is also a member of the
senate, and stands there at the head of the oligarchic faction. There
was a famine; and in contradiction to the plebeian statement that the
_Plebes_ during the secession had not been guilty of pillage, it is
now said that the land had been devastated by them. The whole story
is evidently of patrician origin; it glaringly shows the colouring of
the caste. Fruitless attempts were made to procure corn: money was
sent to Sicily to buy some; but the Greek king returned the money,
and gave the corn as a present. Perhaps it was a gift from Carthage.
Now it had been discussed in the senate what should be done with this
corn. Coriolanus had proposed, that it should neither be sold nor
distributed, unless the commonalty renounced its newly acquired rights,
selling them for a mess of pottage. Another proposition not much more
commendable, was that it should be sold to the commonalty as a body,
so that individuals had to buy it of second hand. In this manner
the patricians got double the prime cost. This plan was adopted. As
might be expected, it excited great exasperation; at the same time, it
also transpired that Coriolanus had insisted upon making use of the
opportunity to do away with the privileges. The sequel is briefly told
by Livy; Dionysius relates it at great length. According to Livy, the
tribunes brought a charge against him, as one who had broken the peace;
and they had a full right to do so by virtue of the agreement sworn at
the Sacred Mount. The impeachment, of course, was brought before the
_Plebes_, a fact indeed which Dionysius does not perceive. Coriolanus
therefore was put on his trial before the tribes, with permission
to leave the country before the decision was pronounced. This might
be done, if bail were found; only not in the way that is generally
imagined. Coriolanus is said to have met the charge proudly: Livy,
however, tells us that he had not appeared on the day that judgment
was given, but had withdrawn before the sentence was made known. Now
if he had settled in some place where he had received the right of
citizenship, the sentence could not be passed; or, if it were passed,
it was null and void, though his sureties had to pay the sums for which
they had bound themselves. Coriolanus was perhaps the first who was
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