Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
allowed on this charge to find bail. According to the general account,
he now betook himself to the Volscians. This is true;--I believe
every thing as far as here,--yet his presenting himself to Attius
Tullius at Antium is apocryphal, and entirely copied from the visit
of Themistocles to Admetus, the king of the Molossians. It is then
stated, that he induced the Volscians, who had been quite disheartened,
to hazard a war once more. This is Roman exaggeration, intended to
disguise the distress which had been brought on by the Volscian arms.
It is related, how he conquered the towns one by one, first Circeri,
then those lying to the south of the Appian Way, then those on the
Latin road; and how at last he advanced against Rome itself. This
does not agree with what follows. Coriolanus now appears on the Roman
frontier near the Marrana, the canal which carries the water of the low
ground at Grotta Ferrara into the Tiber, five miles from Rome. Here the
Romans send an embassy to him: first of all, ten senators; he grants
them thirty days, and then three, as the Fetiales did whenever a war
was not yet declared; afterwards they send the priests, and at length
the matrons also. These last move his heart, and prevail upon him to
turn back.
This is all very pretty, but, if we look a little closer to it,
impossible. Livy makes on this occasion a most remarkable assertion.
He says that one would not indeed have known that the consuls of that
year had waged war with the Volscians, had it not been evident from
the league of Sp. Cassius with the Latins that one of them, Postumus
Cominius, had been absent; for Sp. Cassius had concluded that treaty
alone. To account for this, Livy alleges the eclipsing fame of
Coriolanus. This is a most valuable notice. The old traditions then do
not mention at all that the consul had taken Corioli, but merely that
Coriolanus had. Now, as we have seen before, it is not true that he
received his cognomen from the conquest of the town, as such surnames
do not occur before Scipio Africanus; moreover, Corioli was at that
time not a Volscian, but a Latin town, which first became Volscian
in the great Volscian war which we call that of Coriolanus, and was
destroyed only later. That it was Latin, is plain from the list of the
thirty towns which shared in the fight at the Regillus; and yet indeed
that list in all likelihood was not originally made out with reference
to this, but to the league of Sp. Cassius. Thus the name of Coriolanus
meant no more than that of Regillensis, Vibulanus, Mugillanus, and
others, whether it was that Corioli stood in a relation of proxeny or
clientship to his family, or from any other reason. We have therefore
nothing historical concerning Coriolanus, but that he wished to break
the treaty with the plebeians, and was therefore condemned. It is the
same with all the rest of his story. Coriolanus was condemned as one
who had transgressed against the sworn rights (_leges sacratæ_, the
German _Frohnenrechte_).
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