Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
We must bear well in mind that the Pelasgians and Aborigines are
one and the same people. If we look over the legends of nations, we
repeatedly find the same stories told in different ways which are
entirely opposed to each other. The story of a Jew who takes ruthless
revenge upon a Christian, as we know it from Shakspeare, in a Roman
novel shortly before his time, is found just reversed, so that the
Christian wants to cut off the flesh from the Jew. The migrations
of the Goths, according to some, proceed from Scandinavia to the
south; according to others, from the south to Scandinavia. Wittikind
says that the Saxons had come out of Britain into Germany; the usual
account makes them out to have been invited thither from Germany.
The Pelasgians near the Hymettus near Athens are represented to have
come from Tyrrhenia to Athens, and from thence to Lemnos; in another
tradition, the Tyrrhenians go from the Meonian coast to Italy. Thus
Cyrene, according to one legend, is colonized from Thera; in another,
Thera rises out of a clod of earth from Libya. In the earlier account,
the Symplegades were in the Eastern Sea, and the Argo sails through
them on her voyage out; in the later, they are in the Western Sea, and
impede the progress of the Argo on her voyage home. This exchange of
polarity is manifested also with regard to the aborigines. In spite
of etymology, Dionysius so calls the people which, issuing from the
interior of the country, conquered the ancient inhabitants. Varro did
the same, and yet worse than Pliny. He had read an immense deal; but
learned he ought not to be called on account of his confusedness.[48]
Varro knows about the close alliance of two of the Latin nations,
but he makes a jumble of every thing; the aborigines are for him the
conquering, and the Siculians the conquered people. Then, following
Hellanicus, he brings over the aborigines from Thessaly; yet they
then migrate from the Upper Anio to the Upper Abruzzo, whither they
are driven by the Sabines. This tradition has a local and plausible
character; for there were many small towns to be found there: large
cities, on the contrary, such as the Etruscans possessed, are always
a proof of immigration, as the immigrating people rather settles in
a few considerable places. Trent and several other cities are large
Lombard colonies. Dionysius may be excused, as he relies on Varro’s
authority; the latter alone is answerable for the mistake. Here also
the designation of the people, the conquering and the conquered one, is
confounded.
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