Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 2 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
After this frightful event, a year passed by without any remarkable
occurrence. The Carthaginians strongly provisioned and fortified their
other stations in the west; yet they also acted on the offensive.
Their fleet cruised off the coasts of Italy, which it laid waste; the
northern coasts of Sicily likewise surrendered to their power from
fear, whilst the Romans kept the inner island and the eastern coast.
The conquest of Agrigentum gave the latter quite different ideas with
regard to the war. Formerly, they merely wanted to have Messana and
Syracuse as dependent allies; but now their object was to drive the
Carthaginians altogether from the island, as Dionysius, Agathocles,
and Pyrrhus had done: they saw, however, that this could not be done
without a fleet. It was the same difficulty as at Athens, where, in the
Peloponnesian war, and in the times immediately following it, they had
no other ships but penteconters, _lembi_, and triremes (with from 200
to 220 men, who were partly rowers and partly marines, and with a deck;
the penteconters, which had 50 men,[2] were open, and the benches for
the rowers in both were placed across, before and above each other);
these vessels had been outdone long since, and larger ones were needed.
In Syracuse, the cradle of mechanical art, quadriremes, and soon
afterwards quinqueremes, were first mounted, ships of a larger class,
which were not round, and which might properly be called ships of
the line; for, the difference of the triremes and quinqueremes cannot
have consisted merely in the number of the benches and the rowers,
but it must really have been in the build itself, otherwise no great
skill would have been required to construct them. These quinqueremes
had already for a long time been in use, especially in the Macedonian,
Sicelian, and Punic fleets; but neither the Romans, nor the Antiates
had them. The Romans had also triremes, and wherever the Antiate
vessels are mentioned, they are triremes.--The oars had the same effect
as our steam boats, being independent of wind and tide: the ancients
could, however, sail very well besides.
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