Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 3 (of 3)Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
History
Niebuhr's lectures on Roman history, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
Rome -- History
This was truly the age of the poets. Living at the same time, but not
quite of the same standing, were Lucretius, Catullus, and Calvus, the
rival of Catullus, the greatest poets of that day. Lucretius, whom men
have long tried to exclude from the poets altogether, is now at length
acknowledged in his high excellence as such; not but what, had he chosen
a more favourable theme than that wretched philosophical system, he
might have done far greater things. But the greatest poet Rome ever had,
is Catullus. He never strains after words or expressions: poetry flows
from his tongue, it is with him the very language which the impulse of
the moment brings out; every thought, every word of his, is the
expression of what he actually feels. He has the same perfections as the
Greek Lyric poets down to Sophocles, and is fully equal to them. Other
poets there were, who, though undoubtedly his inferiors, were still
eminent. If we had C. Helvius Cinna; if we had other poems than those
still extant of Valerius Cato (whose _Diræ_ are still very doubtful); if
we had Valgius,[32] and Ticida; we should read them with considerable
pleasure, we should acknowledge still more that the age was rich in
distinguished men, even though they were not equal to Catullus: and this
is certainly more than can be said of any other period. Poetry is now
becoming inured to the strict rules of metrical forms: the greater poems
are composed in hexameters; the smaller lyric pieces, in foreign or
Greek measures; and the old Latin forms are laid aside. The hexameter is
rightly constructed, and the _cæsuræ_ carefully observed: in trifles
only, the Roman poets of those times have some peculiarities to which
they take a fancy; as for instance, in the construction of the
pentameter. Dec. Laberius, the well known composer of mimes, no doubt
was very original: this sort of poetry consisted very much of
improvisation, being like the _Sermones_ of Horace. Furius Bibaculus was
very pleasing; Varro Atacinus, the translator of Apolonius Rhodius, is
by no means to be despised. Comedy had quite gone down, not even
mediocrities being mentioned.
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