MR. WIGGINS: I have not had experience in propagating walnuts, except in an experimental way. I have had some experience in the propagation of pecans. Much depends on the condition of the stocks. If they are in a good healthy, vigorous, growing condition, you will do better. (Gives demonstration on grafting.) The best time in South Carolina is in August and early September. I use but one method of budding and grafting. It is the only one I am successful with. What you call chip budding, I call bud grafting. I get 95 per cent of chip buds to take in the spring. I get the wood when it is dormant. I can find dormant wood even in May and June. I usually get it earlier than this, but this year it was in May. Part of these trees were in the shade in the orchard and I got the wood from them. Ninety-nine out of one hundred were dormant, and about that many lived. The wood was thoroughly dormant and plump. I cut it right out of the orchard in May or June and got them to live. Of course if you cut scions from the ends of branches, you haven't a chance at all. One thing to remember in the chip graft is not to cut your chip too thin. If you do you will lose a good many. I go right into it. If you do it right it will hurt your finger so you can only work for two or three hours at a time. It won't dry out so quickly if you cut it thick and will stand a better chance to live. I try to get the scion to fit the first time. THE SECRETARY: What do you tie it with after you put on the waxed cloth? MR. WIGGINS: I use a strip of common cloth out of the store. Your fingers will be waxed enough in working so that the strip does not need to be waxed. You tie it after wrapping it. A MEMBER: Would you protect that with a paper bag? MR. WIGGINS: No. A MEMBER: Do you place it on the north or south? MR. WIGGINS: The point that decides the exact place on the stock is the smoothness and greenness and health of it. I pick out the cleanest and best places. The whole top of the tree is above the graft. A MEMBER: When do you cut off the tree? MR. WIGGINS: According to the weather. It takes two or three or four weeks for proper healing. I open up a few and if they are all right, I open all of them. Just as soon as it heals, I cut the top off. PROFESSOR SMITH: What is your ordinary practice in cutting scions?