Notes and Letters on the Natural History of Norfolk: More Especially on the Birds and FishesBrowne, Thomas, Sir
History
Notes and Letters on the Natural History of Norfolk: More Especially on the Birds and Fishes
Browne, Thomas, Sir
Natural history -- England -- Norfolk
[13] Browne here refers to the family in general terms. The various
species of Gulls in their different stages of plumage were very
puzzling to the Ornithologists of the last century, and it is often
extremely difficult to say to what individual species they refer.
By _Larus major_ he would probably mean the Black-backed and
Herring Gulls which are found on the shore all the year round, most
frequently in the immature plumage, but they most abound "in
herring time." By far the commonest species at all times is
Browne's _Larus alba_ or Puet, the Black-headed Gull. Large flocks
of this species and _L. canus_ frequent Breydon and the tidal
shores, especially the young birds of the year. There are now two
large breeding-places of the Black-headed Gull in Norfolk, a very
old-established one at Scoulton Mere, and a more recent colony at
Hoveton Broad. The former extensive gullery at Horsey, mentioned by
Browne, has long since been banished by the drainage of the marsh
they frequented, and it is probable that a small colony which bred
on Ormesby Broad some forty years ago, owed its origin to their
banishment from Horsey. They, in their turn, deserted Ormesby on
the erection of the works for supplying Yarmouth with water about
the year 1855, and fixed upon Hoveton as their new home, in which
place, as at Scoulton, they are carefully preserved.
Professor Newton has been kind enough to furnish me with the
following note on the Terns. "_Larus cinereus_ of Aldrovandus (and
afterwards of Jonston), is said to be of three kinds: one with red
legs, apparently the Black-headed Gull, and figured by Jonston, the
second with yellow legs and a slender curved black bill, the third
with a pointed scarlet bill. Both these last were most likely
Terns--and all these were grey above and white below. Gesner quotes
Turner for _Sterna_, and there is no doubt that his bird of that
name was a Black Tern; but Gesner says that it is the _Stirn_ of
the Frisians, and figures a white and grey bird with a black head
only (most likely a Common Tern, but possibly one of the larger
species), as Sterna, thus using the word in a more general sense,
and it may have been so used in Browne's time. I see no
impossibility in people having thought of eating Terns in those
days [as to that _see Note_ 7, p. 6 _ante_]. The Common Tern was
most likely very abundant, and we know that the Black Tern was
exceedingly common in certain reed-beds, as stated by Turner, and
noisy beyond measure." The Great and Lesser Terns still nest in one
or two localities on our coast, although as the result of great
persecution in very reduced numbers. The Black Tern, or Mire Crow,
has quite ceased to do so.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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