Notes and Letters on the Natural History of Norfolk: More Especially on the Birds and FishesBrowne, Thomas, Sir
History
Notes and Letters on the Natural History of Norfolk: More Especially on the Birds and Fishes
Browne, Thomas, Sir
Natural history -- England -- Norfolk
A sword fish or Xiphias or Gladius intangled in the Herring netts at
yarmouth agreable unto the Icon in Johnstonus with a smooth sword not
vnlike the Gladius of Rondeletius about a yard & half long, no teeth [n
_crossed out_] eyes very remarkable enclosed in an hard cartilaginous
couercle about ye bignesse of a good apple. ye vitreous humor plentifull
the crystalline larger then a nutmegge [cleare _crossed out_] remaining
cleare sweet & vntainted when the rest of the eye was vnder a deepe
corruption wch wee kept clear & limpid many moneths vntill an hard frost
split it & manifested the foliations thereof.
It is not vnusuall to take seuerall sorts of canis or doggefishes[56]
great and small wch pursue the shoale of herrings and other fish butt
this yeare 1662 one was taken intangled in the Herring netts about 9
foot in length, answering the last figure of Johnstonus lib 7 vnder the
name of _canis carcherias alter_ & was by the teeth & 5 gills one kind
of shark particularly [_Fol. 25_] remarkable in the vastnesse of the
optick nerves & 3 conicall hard pillars wch supported the extraordinarie
elevated nose wch wee haue reserued with the scull the seamen calld this
kind a scrape.
[56] Various species of Dog-fish are frequent off the Norfolk coast
as elsewhere. The name "Sweet William" is applied to the larger
fish of this kind, especially to the Tope; this appears also to
have been the case in Pennant's time, for alluding to this
vernacular name he supposes it was applied in ironical allusion to
the offensive smell of their flesh and skin. They are objects of
great aversion among the fishermen, owing to the disturbance they
create among the shoals of fish, and the damage they do to both
nets and the enclosed fish. Scarcely a season passes but one or
more specimens of Browne's _Canis carcharias_, or, as modern
Ichthyologists call it, _Lamna cornubica_, the Porbeagle, being
entangled in the drift nets and landed with the herrings. One lies
on the fish-wharf at Lowestoft as I write this note on the 19th of
October, 1900, measuring 7 feet 10 inches in length. Jonston's
figure referred to by Browne is evidently intended for this
species, but he makes a slight error in the reference to the
_Historia Naturalis (De Piscibus et Cetis)_; it occurs in book v.,
and the figure is fig. 6 on Tab. vi., and it is marked _Canis
carcharias alius_ (not alter).
Sturio or Sturgeon[57] so co[=m]on on the other side of the sea about
the mouth of the elbe come seldome into our creekes though some haue
been taken at yarmouth & more in the great [owse _crossed out_] Owse by
Lynne butt their heads not so sharpe as represented in the Icons of
Rondeletius & Johnstonus.
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