Now, whatever religion supplies the best motives for virtuous conduct
and most effectively prevents mischievous intentions, must necessarily
be one which conforms best with the most approved ideas of the science
and arts of the time. I hold that Islam is such a religion.[52]
Let me begin by showing a conformity of Islam to a modern idea, that
there are more worlds than one.[53] There are still some religions
which assume that there is no other world than the world we live in, and
that God created and maintains it for men only. Science has proved that
such assumptions are unwarranted, and has even suggested grounds for
believing that there are beings in the innumerable worlds of stars. This
world of ours with its inhabitants has therefore no right to monopolise
God to itself. Nor indeed have we, human beings, any right to consider
ourselves as its superior inhabitants. Science is now-a-days on the
track of finding out beings who are or who may be superior to man. Note
that all this is implied in the expression [Arabic: rabbi l-ʿālamīn]
"the Lord of the _worlds_" contained in the Sura and other parts of the
Qur'an. It does not say "the king of the _world_" ([Arabic: rabbi l-
ʿālam]) or of _men_ [Arabic: rabbi l- ʾinsān] but says generally and
truly that God is the King or Lord of great or grand _worlds_: [Arabic:
rabbi l-ʿālamīn], the definite article [Arabic: al] in Arabic is often
used to express greatness or grandeur as in the word [Arabic: Allah]
which means the Most High God.
According to Islam there are two sources of knowledge, _Science_ and
_Revelation_: the one represents man's effort to learn God's ways, and
the other represents God's grace to discover His ways to man.[54] I for
one believe that the difference between the two sources of knowledge
corresponds to the difference between "Experience" and "Intuition,"
between Acquired Ideas and Innate Ideas--a difference which modern
philosophers (Spencer and Bergson) consider to be one of degree only and
not of kind.
+Note 8.+
_Unity[55] and Union._
I cannot go over the whole field of Muslim theology to show how its
ideas are in accord with the scientific thought of our days. I will
confine myself to three principles and three maxims implied in the
analysis of the Opening Sura [Arabic: Sura al-fātiḥa] given in one of my
previous Notes[56].
I. The verse [Arabic: al-ḥamdu li-llāhi rabbi l-ʿālamīn; ar-raḥmāni
r-raḥīm] points to _the Principle of Unity_:
There is but one God who created the worlds,
maintains and rules them.
From this results the _Maxim of Union & Loyalty_:
Union is strength = Be loyal to your King.
II. The verse [Arabic: ʾiyyāka naʿbudu wa-ʾiyyāka nastaʿīn] points to
_the Principle of Perfection_:
Worship of God, His protection, and guidance
are necessary for the perfection of our
mind and body.
From this results the _Maxim of Self-help_:
God helps those who help themselves = Be
true to yourself.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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