III. The verse [Arabic: ṣirāṭa llaḏīna ʾanʿamta ʿalayhim ġayri l-maġḍūbi ʿalayhim wa-lā ḍ-ḍāllīn] points to _the Principle of Moderation_: It is the straight path of righteousness that enables you to avoid crooked paths of sin and error and leads you to happiness. From this results the _Maxim of the Average_: Adopt the mean of two extremes = Be moderate in everything. I will now endeavour to shew, as briefly and as simply as possible, how the principles and maxims I have stated correspond with the best scientific ideas of the present age. By "the best scientific ideas," I mean nothing more than _conclusions_ arrived at by eminent men of science after severe study and prolonged investigation. I can only refer to the conclusions as such without attempting to summarise the reasoning, etc. by which they have been reached. You may read the works of authors I shall name, if you wish to learn more of their thoughts. I. _Principle of Unity._ 1. The first Principle of Unity [Arabic: tawhīd] implies that there is but one Energy or Force whose different transformations we call _forces_, but one Life whose appearance in different shapes we call _lives_, and but one Mind whose different manifestations we call _minds_. But the universal Energy, the [Sidenote: 1. Herbert Spencer. 2. Dr. A.R. Wallace. 3. Prof. James. 4. Sir Oliver Lodge. 5. Dr. Theodore Merz.] universal Life, and the universal Mind[57] [Arabic: rabbi l-ʿālamīn, ar-raḥmāni r-raḥīm, māliki yawmi d-dīn] are themselves but so many forms, appearances or manifestations of the one Being [Arabic: Allah] who is Infinite [Arabic: ṣ-ṣamad] and Absolute [Arabic: lam yalid, wa-lam yūlad]. This is exactly what scientific men and philosophers have said and are saying to-day. Read the works of any of the eminent men mentioned in the margin, and you will find that the conclusion they have reached after life-long investigations, tallies remarkably with the conception of God which Islam formulated centuries ago. Every child begins with the experience of 'This is _mine_' and 'That is _not mine_.' This experience matures in the adult into "I" and "not-I"--the _subject_ that knows and the _object_ that is known. We call the _knower_ or subject, Mind; and the _known_ or object, Matter. Most modern Philosophers agree in believing that Mind and Matter are but two aspects of One Reality underlying All. Just as a big building like the Falaknuma Palace presents different aspects when viewed from different directions, and yet is one and the same building; so the Reality of Existence _appears to us_ in different aspects as Mind and Matter, and yet is one and the same Reality[58]. Dr. Theodore Merz of the Durham University, at the end of his grand survey of the Scientific Thought of Europe in the 19th Century,[59] says: "The scientific mind advances from the idea of Order or arrangement to that of Unity through the idea of Continuity."