(_a_) Duty to God, which is Worship or Adoration implying, as it does, complete submission to His will = [Arabic: islām] (_b_) Duty to yourself, which is self-preservation or self-perfection = [Arabic: Aslām] (_c_) Duty to others, which is peace and good will towards them = [Arabic: islām] "Islam"[27] as a religion means nothing more nor less than those three duties. Islam is not Philosophy, much less is it Science. It is but a Religion, _an attitude of man's mind towards his environment_--the attitude of self towards others and God. Both Philosophy and Science influence one's attitude of mind. To that extent Islam has to reckon with both. It is therefore that Sufis and other philosophic sects have risen in Islam from time to time. The sphere of Islam is Faith manifesting itself in good works; and the spheres of Science and Philosophy are Knowledge and Reason. The latter often come into contact with the former, but can never be identified with it. +Note 5.+ _What is not Islam._ In my previous Note I tried to sketch briefly what is true Islam. I now offer a few observations on, or illustrations of, what is _not_ Islam. In order to know anything quite well, it is desirable not only to know _what it is_ but also to know _what it is not_. 1. The religion taught by the Qur'an and the Traditions [Arabic: ahādith] of our Prophet is _Islam_ and not "Muhammadanism," as it is often named. Those who profess Islam are _Muslims_ and not "Muhammadans," as they are called. The word "Musalman" is but a corruption of the Arabic plural [Arabic: muslimūn/muslimīn] of the singular [Arabic: Muslim]. We and our religion have been called[28] after the name of Muhammad just as the terms Christians and Christianity have been derived from the name Christ. But "Muhammadanism" and "Muhammadans" are not at all the correct names of "Islam" and "Muslims" as you will presently see.[29] 2. From the point of view of Islam, all religions may be divided thus: Religions are either, | |---------------|---------------| | | _False_: being beliefs} {_True_: being beliefs in more gods than } or {in one and only God; one, } {and True Religions (Paths of Sin) } {are either, | +----------|----------+ | | _Pure_, such as } {_Mixed_, such as true Islam } {religions which unmixed with any } {mix up inconsistent inconsistent } or {ideas with ideas. } {the idea of } {one God. (Paths of Grace) } {(Paths of Error)