In the second clause comes the objectionable clause, that the government created is not the exclusive or final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to it. We have already set forth that in this Constitution, or compact, which is declared, by those who made it, supreme over all constitutions and laws of every State, that all cases arising under the Constitution or laws of the United States shall be tried by its judiciary.[66] Here is a compact by the people of the several States, that when any questions or cases arise the United States Judiciary shall have jurisdiction and decide upon them. The parties to this compact have thus expressly made that judiciary the final judge of the validity of the laws, and therefore necessarily of the extent of power delegated to the government. It cannot be denied that even independent sovereign nations can establish a tribunal over themselves by arbitration or compact that shall be conclusive. How then can the supremacy of the judiciary of the United States be questioned by a State, whose people have deliberately declared the United States Judiciary supreme over the State constitution and laws, and that it has supreme judicial authority over all cases arising under its Constitution and laws. [66] Article III., Sec. 1, of the Constitution. We must bear in mind that our Constitution and Government would have been an absurdity and a failure, if every State, as an independent authority, could question the validity of a United States law or the act of any of its legal or administrative officers; four and forty different State judiciaries to decide on what law was valid in each independent sovereign State or Nation. As Webster and Chief-Justice Marshall said, and Calhoun admitted, on every constitutional question this theory of nullification gave as many vetoes as there are States. Admitting, however, for the argument, that the States are independent sovereign nations, this nullification doctrine of the Kentucky resolutions is very faulty. It asserts the right of those who deny the binding obligation of the compact, to break it; it entirely ignores the right of the other parties, even when of the majority, who hold to a different construction, to enforce their view. In all compacts or agreements between nations there is the right of the independent sovereign nations, and emphatically when of the majority, to make another independent nation perform the compact it has made. The majority is not obliged to yield to the minority. The _ultima ratio_, the final reasoning of nations is war, and the majority certainly have that right.