If two or more liquids are mixed together, the one that boils with the least heat will be drawn off first. The alcohol of beer, cider, and wines is mixed with water; it boils at a lower heat than water, so can be drawn off from it very easily. This does not make more alcohol, it only makes the alcohol stronger by separating it from the water. When beer or any other alcoholic liquor is to be distilled, it is poured into a large copper boiler, called a _still_, and boiled. A tube carries the vapor from the boiler into a cask filled with cold water. This tube is coiled like a spiral line or worm through the cask; it is called _the worm of the still_, and the cask is _the worm-tub_. As the vapor passes through the tube, it cools and drops out at the end into the worm-tub, changed into a liquid stronger in alcohol than that from which it was drawn or distilled. In this way gin is made from beer, brandy from wine, and rum from fermented molasses. These are very strong drinks, and only hard drinkers like them. But very few people begin by taking these; they first learn to like alcohol by drinking cider, beer, or wine, and end with gin, whiskey, or rum when they have become drunkards. DEFINITIONS. _DISTILLATION._ Drawing the vapor from a boiling liquid and cooling it. _STILL._ Machinery for distilling; the boiler which holds the liquid. _THE WORM OF THE STILL._ The tube which passes from the still to a cask, in which it coils like a worm. _WORM-TUB._ The cask which holds the tube or worm, and receives the distilled liquid. _DISTILLED LIQUID._ A liquid formed by cooled steam. _DISTILLED LIQUORS._ Liquors made by distilling alcoholic liquors. _FERMENTED._ Changed by decay. _FERMENTED LIQUORS._ Liquors which have been fermented or changed by decay, and contain alcohol. _UNFERMENTED._ Not decayed. _UNFERMENTED LIQUORS._ Liquors which contain no alcohol. KINDS OF LIQUORS [5]UNFERMENTED. FERMENTED. DISTILLED. Grape juice, Hard cider, Gin, Sweet cider, (Malt liquors) Brandy, Root beer, Beer, Whiskey, Ginger beer. Lager beer, Rum. Perry. Ale, Porter, Wine. [5] These soon become fermented; they then contain alcohol. * * * * * HARM DONE BY ALCOHOL IN VARIOUS PARTS OF THE BODY. Raw alcohol does not do much harm to people because it is too strong for them to drink much of it; but the alcohol hidden in cider, ale, wine, whiskey, and other alcoholic drinks kills not less than _sixty thousand_ persons in this country every year, besides those who die from its use in other parts of the world.