Observations on the geology, zoology and botany of Hudson's Strait and Bay, made in 1885Bell, Robert
History
Observations on the geology, zoology and botany of Hudson's Strait and Bay, made in 1885
Bell, Robert
Natural history -- Hudson Bay Region
As stated in my preliminary report, we left Halifax on the 27th of May,
and after passing through the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Straits of
Belle Isle, steamed northward, near the edge of the ice-pack off the
Labrador coast, to the entrance of Hudson’s Strait, which we entered
on the 16th June. Beyond the Straits of Belle Isle numerous ice-bergs
were passed every day, both in the open water, and among the field-ice.
When in the latter position they were observed to be almost always
more or less completely surrounded by a space of open water. On the
voyage back from Newfoundland to the straits, between the 27th of
July and the 3rd of August, ice-bergs were again equally numerous,
especially as we approached the Labrador coast, but on neither occasion
did we meet with any of remarkable size or height, the great majority
of them being comparatively small. Towards the entrance of Hudson’s
Strait it was noticed that the bergs furthest out to sea or to the
eastward, carried stones, mud, or discolorations more frequently than
those near the Labrador Coast. We entered Nachvak Inlet on the 1st of
August, and were informed by Mr. Skynner, who had been in charge of the
observatory station there since the previous year, that the fixed ice
of the inlet had only disappeared on the 12th of July. We afterwards
learned that it had also cleared from Ashe’s Inlet, (near North Bluff)
in Hudson’s Strait on the same day. Mr. Skynner informed us that the
fixed ice extended only as far out as “The Breaker,” a rock at the
entrance of the inlet. Outside of this the ice was moving with the
winds and currents all winter. In the months of June and July, wide
lanes of open water were formed between the field-ice and the land.
As far as could be observed, this ice was clear or free from dust and
rock-debris, as if it had been formed away from the land. The clear ice
continued till the end of June, when foreign matter began to appear
upon the slowly moving floes. This, Mr. Skynner thought, was due to the
fact that about that time the ice began to leave the adjoining shores,
after having received upon its surface more or less rocky debris from
the crumbling cliffs and slopes, or from having had earthy matter
incorporated in it by freezing and by the action of high tides, such
as those of Ungava Bay. During the winter, he found that the strong
winds carried considerable quantities of dust and angular fragments of
rock from the high cliffs and steep and loose taluses on either side of
Nachvak Inlet, out upon the fixed ice, and when it broke up in July,
this material was borne off to sea. Towards the end of July, all the
field-ice of the northern parts of the Labrador coast was discolored or
“foxy,” and had a decayed appearance. The dust or mud, with which it
was covered, was mostly yellowish and greyish in color. Gravel, angular
stones, patches of stoney mud, and an angular boulder were occasionally
observed.
[Sidenote: Non-glaciated mountains of Labrador.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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