CHAPTER XXX.--Discovery of the Solomon Islands by Mendana--He seeks for them again Thirty Years later--Quiros--The Marquesas Islands--The Women compared with those of Lima--Strange Fruits--Conversions to Christianity--Arduous Voyage--Santa Cruz--Mendana exchanges Names with Malopé--Hostilities--War, and its Results--Death of Mendana--Quiros conducts the Ships to Manilla 291 CHAPTER XXXI.--Attempts of the Dutch to discover a Northeast Passage--Voyage of Wilhelm Barentz--Arrival at Nova Zembla--Winter Quarters--Building a House--Fights with Bears--The Sun Disappears--The Clock Stops, and the Beer Freezes--The House is Snowed up--The Hot-Ache--Fox-Traps--Twelfth Night--Return of the Sun--The Ships prove Unseaworthy--Preparations to Depart in the Boats--Death of Barentz--Arrival at Amsterdam--Results of the Voyage 297 CHAPTER XXXII.--The Five Ships of Rotterdam--Battle at the Island of Brava--Sebald de Weert--Disasters in the Strait of Magellan--The Crew eat Uncooked Food--The Fleet is scattered to the Winds--Adventures of De Weert--A Wretched Object--Return to Holland--Voyage of Oliver Van Noort--Barbarous Punishment--The Emblem of Hope becomes a Cause of Despair--Fight with the Patagonians--Arrest of the Vice-Admiral--His Punishment--Description of a Chilian Beverage--Capture of a Spanish Treasure-Ship--A Pilot thrown Overboard--Sea-Fight off Manilla--Return Home, after the First Dutch Voyage of Circumnavigation 304 CHAPTER XXXIII.--Quiros' Theory of a Southern Continent--His Arguments and Memorials--His First Voyage--Discoveries--Encarnaçion--Sagittaria, or Tahiti--Description of these Islands--Manicolo--Espiritu Santo--Its Productions and Inhabitants--Quiros before the King of Spain--His Belief in his Discovery of a Continent--His Disappointment--Renewed Solicitations--Death of Quiros--Discoveries of Torrès--The Muscovy Company of London--Henry Hudson--His Voyages to Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla--His Voyage to America--Casts Anchor at Sandy Hook--Ascends the Hudson River as far as the Site of Albany--His Voyage to Iceland and Hudson's Bay--Disastrous Winter--Mutiny--Hudson set adrift--His Death 316 CHAPTER XXXIV.--The Fleet of Joris Spilbergen--Arrival in Brazil--Adventures in the Strait of Magellan--Trade at Mocha Island--Treachery at Santa Maria--Terrible Battle between the Dutch and Spanish Fleets--Ravages of the Coast--Skirmishes Upon the Land--Spilbergen sails for Manilla--Arrival at Ternate--His Return Home--The Voyage of Schouten and Lemaire--Lemonade at Sierra Leone--A Collision at Sea--Discovery of Staten Land--Cape Horn--Lemaire's Strait--Arrival at Batavia--Confiscation of the Ships--General Results of the Voyage--The Voyage of William Baffin--Arctic Researches during the Seventeenth Century 326