Transcriber’s Notes: The spelling, punctuation and hyphenation from the original has been retained with the exception of apparent printer’s errors. Italic text is marked _thus_. OCEAN STEAMSHIPS [Illustration: A DRAMA OF THE SEA.] OCEAN STEAMSHIPS A POPULAR ACCOUNT OF THEIR CONSTRUCTION DEVELOPMENT, MANAGEMENT AND APPLIANCES BY F. E. CHADWICK, U. S. N. J. D. J. KELLEY, U. S. N. RIDGELY HUNT, U. S. N. JOHN H. GOULD WILLIAM H. RIDEING A. E. SEATON _WITH NINETY-SIX ILLUSTRATIONS_ NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS 1891 COPYRIGHT, 1891, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS TROW DIRECTORY PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING COMPANY NEW YORK CONTENTS. PAGE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STEAMSHIP 1 BY COMMANDER F. E. CHADWICK, U. S. NAVY. SLOW GROWTH OF THE IDEA OF STEAM PROPULSION—MODELS SHOWN AT THE LIVERPOOL EXHIBITION IN 1886—CLAIMS OF PRECEDENCE IN THE INVENTION OF STEAMBOATS—WHAT FULTON ACCOMPLISHED—THE CLERMONT—THE VOYAGE OF THE SAVANNAH IN 1819—THE FIRST WAR STEAMER—THE ATLANTIC CROSSED BY THE SIRIUS AND GREAT WESTERN IN 1838—FOUNDING OF THE CUNARD COMPANY—INVENTION OF THE SCREW PROPELLER—ITS APPLICATION TO THE ARCHIMEDES AND THE GREAT BRITAIN—EARLY FLEET OF THE CUNARD COMPANY—AMERICAN ENTERPRISES—THE SCREW STEAMER PRINCETON—ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PACIFIC MAIL—THE COLLINS LINE—ITS SUCCESS AND ULTIMATE FAILURE—THE GREAT EASTERN—BEGINNING OF GREAT RIVALRY IN SPEED—TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINES—IMPORTANT CHANGES IN DESIGN. SPEED IN OCEAN STEAMERS 57 BY A. E. SEATON. THE VIKING’S CRAFT AND THE MODERN “GREYHOUND”—PROBLEMS OF INERTIA AND RESISTANCE—PRIMARY CONDITION FOR HIGH SPEED—WHAT IS MEANT BY “COEFFICIENT OF FINENESS” AND “INDICATED HORSE-POWER”—ADVANCE IN ECONOMICAL ENGINES—WHAT THE COMPOUND ENGINE EFFECTED—A COMPARISON OF FAST STEAMERS FROM 1836 TO 1890—PREJUDICE AGAINST PROPELLERS AND HIGH PRESSURES—ADVANTAGES OF MORE THAN ONE SCREW PROPELLER—ATTEMPTS AT PROPULSION BY TURBINE WHEELS, EJECTIONS, AND PUMPS—THE INTRODUCTION OF SIEMENS-MARTIN STEEL IN 1875 THE CHIEF FACTOR IN THE SUCCESS OF MODERN FAST STEAMERS—DECREASE IN COAL CONSUMPTION—IMPORTANCE OF FORCED DRAUGHTS—THE PROBLEM OF MECHANICAL STOKING—POSSIBILITIES OF LIQUID FUEL—IS THE PRESENT SPEED LIKELY TO BE INCREASED? THE BUILDING OF AN “OCEAN GREYHOUND” 91 BY WILLIAM H. RIDEING.