Old Houses in HollandJones, Sydney R. (Sydney Robert)
History
Old Houses in Holland
Jones, Sydney R. (Sydney Robert)
Architecture, Domestic -- Netherlands
From the time when Dutch houses were built in a definite recognised
style the features were always treated with skill and care. The
many and crowded openings were accentuated. Doorways became imposing
through the enrichment that surrounded them and windows were similarly
emphasised. Panels, carvings, and ironwork decorated the walls, while
the crowning gables, crow-stepped or curved, completed the richness of
the buildings. Upon all these details, whether for a public building
or private dwelling, great labour was expended. A careful examination
of them discloses much inventive readiness and meritorious execution.
Particular prominence was given to external doorways. The manner
of their treatment varied widely. They were regarded as more than
mere ways of access and upon them the best skill of the craftsmen
was frequently concentrated. A personal note would be added by
the introduction of the owner's arms or initials, the date of the
work, or some quaint conceit of peculiar and subtle meaning. Among
the examples extant, those of the early period incline to greatest
simplicity. They were based on the current forms that were employed
in ecclesiastical and civic architecture. The openings are spacious
and are surrounded by mouldings. The arches at the heads are pointed,
trefoil, or elliptic shapes. When there are label-mouldings above
they follow the curves of the arches and support or surround the arms,
panels, or other decorations.
The doorway at Delft (page 87) is a good example of work dictated by
Gothic influences. From carved stops at each side spring the simple
mouldings that extend round the opening. It is surmounted by a label,
near the centre of which is a three-sided space, enclosed by mouldings
and filled by a winged cherub's head carved in relief, while the
label is terminated by a finial. The wooden door is noteworthy. It
is composed of six boards and upon the outer face of each are shallow
grooves running continuously from top to bottom. Projecting nailheads
arranged in vertical lines, together with other ironwork, give further
interesting ornamentation. Another doorway from the same town (page
88) is built of stone and moulded bricks. The space at the head,
contained within a trefoil arch, has carved upon it a shield--lacking
armorial bearings--supporters, and a scroll with the date of 1547. The
semi-circular arch which surrounds the trefoil is one of the series
that repeat across the building. That other early type of house,
peculiar for its windowed ground floor front constructed in wood,
such as is given from Veere on page 44, had its entrance doorway made
with three plain stout timbers, one at each side and one across the
top as a lintel. An elaboration of the simple wooden doorway occurs
at Leiden (page 89). It is crowned by mouldings, below which appears
an ogee arch shaped in wood. The parti-coloured effect of the door
itself is achieved by the application of contrasting tints of paint.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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