Old Houses in HollandJones, Sydney R. (Sydney Robert)
History
Old Houses in Holland
Jones, Sydney R. (Sydney Robert)
Architecture, Domestic -- Netherlands
The circular arch followed the pointed although simultaneously a
modified form of the latter, of which that from Haarlem (page 89) is an
instance, continued to be used. Of circular-arched doorways there are
endless examples which were erected in a manner that became general
and customary. They were usually built in stone and bricks. Those
from Leiden (below), Flushing (page 91), and Leeuwarden (page 86)
are characteristic. The Leiden doorway of 1615, with moulded opening
and carved archstones, is doubtless the earliest of the three and most
nearly allied to the work of the preceding century. The two remaining
examples incline to later influences, particularly to be observed in
the enrichment of the jambs.
Changing taste brought a new treatment to external doorways. They
were affected by the same forces that altered the outward character
of late sixteenth and seventeenth-century houses. Renaissance detail
gradually became established and doorways of the seventeenth-century
were frankly treated in a Classic way, rich in pilasters, capitals,
friezes, pediments and mouldings, with an especial preference for an
adapted form of the Ionic order. Stone was now almost exclusively
used for this feature, unaccompanied by brick. "Delvitt's Poort"
at Woudrichem (page 85) shows a rather advanced development for
the period of 1611 to which it belongs. The whole of it is painted,
with the carved details picked out in different colours. Two doorways
illustrated here are well designed and proportioned. They are
distinguished by the elaboration that appears at their heads. Upon the
frieze immediately above the arch of the Kampen example (page 93) will
be seen the inscription and date of 1665, over which is a broken
pediment surmounted by particularly well-rendered armorial bearings
carved in stone. The frieze at Leeuwarden (page 89) is similarly
inscribed, the date in this case being 1675, while within the heavily
moulded pediment is a coat of arms. Less complicated is the doorway
from Leiden of 1655 (page 96). It is crowned by mouldings and decorated
below by festoons in relief. The above will show the fashion of the
time, tending towards correctness in design, with details carefully
thought out and well executed.
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