A rolling, hilly country, containing much good land, stretches north toward Escondido. Remnants of the mesa conglomerates remain in places on the eastern edge of the Peñasquitos grant. The granite is coarse and rises in huge, rounded knobs along the road. A little south of San Bernardino Post Office there rises a conical peak of micaceous diorite. A somewhat similar rock, but more diabasic in appearance, forms the mountain immediately west of the Post Office. This formation extends northwesterly for several miles, having a width of about a mile. The rock over much of this area closely resembles the gabbros and olivinitic diabases from the southern part of the county. It is penetrated by dioritic and granitic veins, in which the structure is often pegmatitic. At the point where the road stops at the entrance of the cañon of Diablo Creek, this basic formation is replaced on the west by a massive, jointed quartz rock, containing a little feldspar and chlorite, and in places becoming granitoid. It often has a fragmental character, with the quartzose bodies imbedded in a matrix more granitic, or simply darker and chloritic. This rock is quite uniform for 3 miles down the cañon, quartz being the predominating constituent. It is very probable that this represents an original sedimentary terrain. It is followed on the western slope of the range by the dark tuffs before described. Here the matrix is often porphyritic, with a fluidal structure. Portions are real porphyries. A mile east of Olivenheim it resembles diorite porphyrite. The last exposure seen on the west was of the usual tufaceous character. This formation narrows northward, and on the road to San Marcos shows the width of a mile. Northwest of San Marcos there is a large body of metamorphic rock, chiefly felsite schists and feldspathic quartzites. These extend in a northwest direction toward Buena Vista, but there are not many exposures. Dark diorite outcrops south of Buena Vista, and extends west for a mile and a half, when it sinks under the Tertiary deposits. The last outcrop seen was a dark micaceous diorite. A mile west of this point there is quite an outcrop of diabase containing an excess of dark feldspar. The sandy clays extend west from this point to Oceanside. Near Buena Vista station the diorite is impregnated with green copper carbonates, and a considerable amount of work has been done, but evidently no paying bodies of ore were found. Syenite outcrops near Kelly’s ranch house, and in the hills east. The crystalline rocks come nearer the ocean here than at any other place in the county.