Between Escondido and Moosa Cañon, granites, with bunches of dark diorite, are the only rocks seen. A broad, sandy valley extends up San Luis Rey River to within 5 miles of Pala, when the high granite mountains close in, forming a cañon. The valley widens at Pala, and for many miles a broad, sloping deposit of bowlders and gravel borders the river, and rises high against the foot of Smith’s Mountain. It is often 2 miles wide and represents a great amount of erosion. A mile northeast of Pala is a high hill of diabase, similar to that in the southern part of the county. On the eastern slope of this hill is an enormous pegmatite vein, carrying a very interesting set of minerals. This vein is twenty or more feet wide, and dips west at a small angle. There are masses of great size of almost pure mica and feldspar, or quartz and feldspar—in the latter case very fine specimens of graphic granite have been formed. Near the southern end of this vein is a deposit of lepidolite mica, 10 feet thick at the widest part, and appearing in detached bodies for several hundred feet. It is fine-grained and shows a pale purple color. In places it is pure, in others filled with large radial aggregates of pink tourmaline (rubellite). Some of the aggregates are a foot across, others are long and slender, with arborescent forms. North of the main deposit it is found in quartz in fan-shaped aggregates, the crystals being more than a foot long, but greatly decomposed. Black tourmaline is abundant in the pegmatite surrounding the lepidolite, but in poor, brittle crystals. Green tourmaline is present in places in the form of minute grains. Garnets are also to be found in places. The vein as a whole is inclosed in the diabase. The western end of Smith’s Mountain shows many bodies of dark dioritic rocks. The major part of the rock is, however, gneiss and mica schist, all very easily decomposed, leaving an immense amount of bowlders and gravel along all of the gulches. Mica schists cover an extensive area along the southern slope of Smith’s Mountain, on the Pauma grant. These are undoubtedly a continuation of the schists of the Julian belt, but carry no minerals. The belt of schists extends nearly if not quite through to Julian. Warner Valley is located at the head of San Luis Rey River. It is entirely surrounded by granite mountains. There is not as great a variety of intrusive rock here as in other parts of the county.