Revolution, Puritan, Cromwell’s attempt to check it, 119; Presbyterian support of, 132; Cromwell’s attitude toward it, 142, 179; impermanent effects of, 188. _See also American Revolution; French Revolution, etc._ Rhode Island, 165 Ribble, river, 125, 127 Richelieu, 17 Ritual, Cromwell’s suppression of, at Ely, 78 Rochelle, Charles I.’s expedition against, 26, 27 Roman Catholicism identified with Spain in English opinion, 14; liberality of, in France, 17; Cromwell’s intolerance of, 77; demanded for State religion by Irish, 147 Roman Catholics, intolerance of, 104; Irish revolt supported by, 147; position of, under the Protectorate, 197 Rome, 12 Root and Branch party, the, 56 Ross, capture of, by Cromwell, 158 “Roundhead,” term of reproach in Parliamentary army, 75 Roundhead army, 64; its foot, 73; at Marston Moor, 88 Royal Martyr, the, churches dedicated to, 138 Royalist Delinquents, 184 Royalist Protestants in Ireland, 149, 152 Royalists, at Nottingham, 57, 58; strength of, 61; driven out of Cornwall, 63; military leaders of, 68; natural taste for war, 69; estates fined by Cromwell, 79; at Grantham, 80; defeated by Cromwell at Nottingham and Burleigh, 81; stand at Gainsborough, 82; defeated at Winceby, 83; forces in Civil Wars unestimated, 86; at Marston Moor, 86 _et seq._; Copredy Bridge, 91; hope of, in Scotland, 94; outnumbered at Naseby, 95 _et seq._; end of, in Scotland, 98; surrender in 1646, 98; union with Catholics and Presbyterians against Parliament, 120; united in Ireland, 146; in Irish wars, 149 _et seq._; opposed to the Commonwealth, 164; dissensions in Scotland, 166; Scottish reverses, 174; their end in England, 178; position under the Protectorate, 199, 213, 216; penances done by, on anniversary of regicide, 240 Royalists in American Revolution, 217 Rump, the, 177, 181; dissolution, 185, 187 Rump Parliament, 185, 187, 188 Rupert, Prince, Royalist leader, military training, 68; at Powick, 71; his charge at Edgehill, 72; at Grantham, 80; dubs Cromwell Old Ironsides, 80; his brilliant tactics, 84; marches to relieve York, 85, 86; against Cromwell at Marston Moor, 87, 88, 91; his activity, 94, 95; at Naseby, 96, 97; in Parliament, 108; his buccaneering cruise, 130 Russia, 9; majority rule unnatural to, 25; Charles X.’s policy toward, 226; under Peter the Great, 237 Russians, the, under Ivan the Terrible, 210 Sabbath, observance of, under the Protectorate, 213 Sailors, fame of English, in seventeenth century, 14; the Dutch as, 182 St. Bartholomew, Massacre of, 39 St. Fagan’s, Welsh defeat at, 121 St. Ives, Cromwell’s farm at, 45 St. John, Oliver, Cromwell’s cousin by marriage, 45, 46. St. Peter’s, Drogheda, 154 San Domingo, English expedition against, 229 Santa Cruz, Blake’s victory over the Spanish there, 228