Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic ArtHyde, Walter Woodburn
History
Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic Art
Hyde, Walter Woodburn
Olympics; Sculpture, Greek; Sports -- Greece
The figures were wrought in relief, partly in ivory and gold and partly
in the cedar wood itself, deployed on its surface in a series of bands,
such as we commonly see on early vases. This use of gold and ivory is
the first example in Greek art of the custom employed by Pheidias and
other sculptors of the great age of Greek sculpture. We have already
noted its use in the ivory acrobats from Crete, which were made,
perhaps, a thousand years before the chest.[70] Out of the thirty-three
scenes depicted on its surface all but two or three were mythological,
and among these were scenes from the funeral games of Pelias, including
a two-horse chariot-race (P., §9), a boxing and wrestling match (§10),
a foot-race, quoit-throwing, and a victor represented as being crowned
(§10), and prize tripods (§11).
The most valuable parallel to some of the scenes described by Pausanias
is found on the Amphiaraos vase in Berlin,[71] dating from the sixth
century B. C., on which the wrestling match and chariot-race correspond
surprisingly well with the descriptions of Pausanias, despite certain
differences in detail. Another archaic vase depicts a two-horse
chariot-race and the parting of Amphiaraos and Eriphyle.[72] The scenes
on this latter vase appear to have been copied from those on the chest,
and it is possible that the scenes on the Berlin vase had the same
origin.
Funeral games are commonly pictured on early vases. Thus on a
proto-Attic amphora, discovered by the British School of Athens in
excavating the Gymnasion of Kynosarges, there are groups of wrestlers
and chariot-racers. The wrestling bout here, however, seems to be to
the death, as the victor has his adversary by the throat with both
hands. It may be a mythological scene, perhaps representing the bout
between Herakles and Antaios. A still earlier representation of funeral
games is shown by a Dipylon geometric vase from the Akropolis now in
Copenhagen, dating back possibly to the eighth century B. C.[73] On
one side two nude men, who have grasped each other by the arms, are
ready to stab one another with swords. This may represent, however,
as Gardiner suggests, only a mimic contest. On the other side are two
boxers standing between groups of warriors and dancers. A similar
scene in repoussé appears on a Cypriote silver vase from Etruria now
in the Uffizi in Florence.[74] We should also, in this connection,
note again the reliefs representing funeral games, which appear on
the sixth-century sarcophagus from Klazomenai already mentioned.[75]
Here is represented a combat of armed men; amid chariots stand groups
of men armed with helmets, shields, and spears, while flute-players
stand between them; at either end is a pillar with a prize vase upon
it; against one leans a naked man with a staff, doubtless intended to
represent the spirit of the deceased in whose honor the games are being
held.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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