Page Fig. 306. Yellow Smoke's earth lodge 270 307. Ground plan of Osage lodge 271 308. Omaha tent 272 309. Exterior parts of an Omaha tent 273 310. [P]ejequde's tent 274 311. Omaha cradle--plan 276 312. Omaha cradle--side view 276 313. Omaha mortar 277 314. Omaha pestle 277 315. Omaha calumet 279 316. Omaha pipe used on ordinary occasions 280 317. Skin drum 282 318. Box drum 282 319. Omaha large flute 283 320. Omaha club (jaⁿ-[p]aᴐna) 283 321. Omaha club (jaⁿ-[p]aᴐna) 284 322. Omaha club (weaq¢ade) 284 323. Omaha bow (zaⁿzi-mandĕ) 285 324. Omaha bow (ʇaʞaⁿ-mandĕ) 285 325. Omaha hunting arrow 286 326. Omaha war arrow 286 327. Omaha style of hidé-ʇáce 286 OMAHA DWELLINGS, FURNITURE, AND IMPLEMENTS BY JAMES OWEN DORSEY INTRODUCTORY NOTE. The accompanying paper is one of the results of personal investigations among the Omaha of Nebraska and cognate tribes of Indians, beginning in 1878 and continued from time to time during late years. While the paper treats of the Omaha tribe, much that is said is applicable to the Ponka, as the two tribes have long had similar environments and a common dialect, for, until 1877, their habitats were almost contiguous, and since 1880 about one-third of the Ponka tribe has been dwelling on its former reservation near the town of Niobrara, Nebraska. Acknowledgments are due Dr. O. T. Mason for many valuable suggestions early in the progress of the work. DWELLINGS. The primitive domiciles of the Omaha were chiefly (1) lodges of earth or, more rarely, of bark or mats, and (2) skin lodges or tents. It may be observed that there were no sacred rites connected with the earth lodge-building or tent-making among the Omaha and Ponka. Earth Lodges. When earth lodges were built, the people did not make them in a tribal circle, each man erecting his lodge where he wished; yet kindred commonly built near one another.