On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 2 (of 2)Somerville, Mary
History
On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 2 (of 2)
Somerville, Mary
Matter -- Constitution; Microscopy; Natural history
In the Terebella there are distinct organs for the aëration of both
liquids, which form a beautiful plume when expanded, as in fig. 133,
which shows the animal when out of its tube. What may be called the head
is fixed upon the first ring of the body. The mouth has a lip like a
funnel-shaped cup with numerous long slender tubular tentacles; and two
delicate arborescent branches or gills are fixed immediately behind the
head. The colourless liquid which occupies the space between the
alimentary canal and the ventral wall of the worm, is sent by the
contractions of the body into the slender tubular filaments round the
mouth, which are covered by cilia, whose action continually renews the
stratum of water in contact with them. The blood in its usual course
enters the capillary tubes of the arborescent gills, where it is
oxygenized, and, after being distributed to the different parts of the
body, returns to the heart and gills again.
[Illustration: Fig. 133. Terebella conchilega.—_a_, lip, surrounded by
tentacles, _b b_, all placed upon the first segment of the body, _c_;
the skin of the back, _d_, is laid open, exposing the circulatory
system; _e_, pharynx; _f_, intestine; _g_, muscles of the belly; _h_,
gland, supposed to be the liver; _i_, generative organs; _j_, feet; _k
k_, gills; _l_, heart; _m_, dorso-intestinal vessel; _n_, intestinal
vessel; _n_, venous sinus; _o o_, ventral trunk, branching into smaller
veins, _p_.]
The slender filaments which radiate from the head of the tubicular worms
are flattened, sometimes tortuous, always ciliated, and are often barred
and variegated by bright purple, green, and yellow tints, forming a rich
and gorgeous crown.
The mucus, which cements together the particles of sand and shell for
the artificial tubes of this kind of worms, is believed to be secreted
from glands in the first segment of the body; but the long slender
filaments of the head are the active agents in the structure. The
tentacles are hollow bands with strong muscular edges, which the worm
can bring together so as to form a cylinder, at any point of which it
can take up a particle of sand, or a whole row of particles, and apply
them to its glutinous body. The fibres at the free ends of the tentacles
act both as muscular and suctorial organs; for when the worm is going to
seize a particle of sand or food, the extremity of the tentacle is drawn
in by the reflux of the colourless liquid in its interior, so that a
cup-shaped cavity is formed in which the particle is secured by
atmospheric pressure, aided by the power of the circular muscular fibres
at the extremity of the tentacle.
[Illustration: Fig. 134. Pushing poles of Serpula.]
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