On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 2 (of 2)Somerville, Mary
History
On Molecular and Microscopic Science, Volume 2 (of 2)
Somerville, Mary
Matter -- Constitution; Microscopy; Natural history
The Serpula and its allies are richly-coloured worms, living in
contorted tubes with lids, frequently seen encrusting rocks, the shells
of oysters, and other mollusca. By a peculiar mechanism of their bristly
feet they can open the lid of their tube, push out their fan of gorgeous
tentacles, pull it in again, and shut up the tube. As the protrusion of
the worm from its tube is slow, cautious, and gradual, the retreat swift
and sudden as lightning, there are two distinct sets of organs in the
feet by which these motions are performed.[33]
On the back of the worm there is a sort of shield, the sides of which
bear seven pairs of wart-like feet, which are perforated for the working
of protrusile microscopic bristles (fig. 134). Their upper parts are
double-edged, with a groove between them, and serrated with close-set
teeth. The organs of retreat are much more complicated and numerous. Mr.
Gosse has computed that there are about 1,900 blades on the seven pairs
of feet, each movable at the will of the worm, and that there are nearly
10,000 teeth hooked into the lining of the tube when it wishes to
retreat. The manner in which it comes out of its tube and retires into
it again is the same as that employed by the earth-worm.
There are twenty-four genera of the order Errantia, or wandering
sea-worms. Multitudes swarm on every coast; they have considerable
muscular strength, and are highly irritable; some are called
sea-centipedes, from the number of their feet and length of their
segmented bodies, which are slender, and vary from a few inches or less
to thirty-five or forty feet. They are generally coiled up under stones,
or wander by the slipperiness of their smooth skins through masses of
sea-weeds or shells at low tide. In most of them the rings are decidedly
marked; the first and last segments are unlike, while the rest are mere
repetitions one of another. Their locomotive organs are a pair of
perforated fleshy warts on each of their numerous segments, through
which groups of rigid, simple or barbed bristles are protruded and
retracted.
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