On Sameness and Identity: A Psychological Study: Being a Contribution to the Foundations of a Theory of Knowledge — John Shaqi
On Sameness and Identity: A Psychological Study: Being a Contribution to the Foundations of a Theory of KnowledgeFullerton, George Stuart
Philosophy
On Sameness and Identity: A Psychological Study: Being a Contribution to the Foundations of a Theory of Knowledge
Fullerton, George Stuart
Knowledge, Theory of
And just as I may say that such a set of three points imagined or
observed now is the same with another and a similar set imagined or
observed at some former time, meaning by the word same to indicate
similarity, and not sameness in the strict sense mentioned just above;
so there appears no reason at all why I may not say that the mutual
relations of the one set of points are the same with the mutual
relations of the other, making here, too, the distinction between
sameness in the former, stricter, sense, and sameness in this second
sense of similarity. If what is contained in a consciousness at any one
instant, is, _ipso facto_, to be distinguished from what is contained
in it at any other instant, there seems equal reason for making this
distinction in the material element and in the formal. It is quite
true that men are not accustomed to carrying this distinction into the
region of form. The whole history of the dispute as to universals is
evidence of the way in which men have confounded the kinds of sameness;
but I fancy that even those who would clearly recognize that red
color imagined yesterday and red color imagined to-day are the same
merely in being similar, or in standing in a relation of original and
representative, would yet not think of distinguishing triangularity
noticed yesterday from triangularity noticed to-day, and marking that
they are not the same in the first and strictest sense of the word.
And yet it would be hard to show why two indistinguishably similar
color sensations, existing in consciousness at different times, are to
be kept apart in thought and recognized as two sensations, while two
occurrences of the consciousness of triangularity (I use the clumsy
phrase to avoid any question-begging word), are not to be distinguished
as separate in a similar way. To say that the formal element is not
a thing, but an activity, does not alter the position. If an activity
is enough of a thing to be talked about and distinguished from other
things, we may surely recognize an activity in consciousness yesterday
as numerically different from an activity in consciousness to-day.
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