On the Origin of Clockwork, Perpetual Motion Devices, and the Compass — John Shaqi
On the Origin of Clockwork, Perpetual Motion Devices, and the CompassPrice, Derek J. de Solla (Derek John de Solla)
History
On the Origin of Clockwork, Perpetual Motion Devices, and the Compass
Price, Derek J. de Solla (Derek John de Solla)
Clocks and watches; Horology
A corrective for this view is to be had from a St. Albans manuscript
(now at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge) that described the
methods for setting out toothed wheels for an astronomical horologium
designed to show the motions of the planets. Although the manuscript
copy is to be dated _ca._ 1340, it clearly indicates that a geared
planetary device was known in St. Albans at an early date, and it is
reasonable to suppose that this was in fact the machine made by Richard
of Wallingford. Unfortunately the text does not appear to give any
relevant information about the presence of an escapement or any other
regulatory device, nor does it mention the source of power.[32] Now a
geared version of the Albion would appear to correspond very closely
indeed to the dial-work which forms the greater part of the de Dondi
clock, and for this reason we suggest now that the two clocks were very
closely related in other ways too. This, circumstantial though it be, is
evidence for thinking that the weight drive and some form of escapement
were known to Richard of Wallingford, _ca._ 1320. It would narrow the
gap between the clock and the protoclocks to less than half a century,
perhaps a single generation, in the interval _ca._ 1285-1320. In this
connection it may be of interest that Richard of Wallingford knew only
the Toledo tables corpus, that of the Alfonsine school did not arrive in
England until after his death.
There are, of course, many literary references to the water-clocks in
medieval literature. In fact most of these are from quotations which
have often been produced erroneously in the history of the mechanical
clock, thereby providing many misleading starts for that history, as
noted previously in the discussion of the horologium. There are however
enough mentions to make it certain that water clocks of some sort were
in use, especially for ecclesiastic purposes, from the end of the 12th
century onwards. Thus, Jocelin of Brakelond tells of a fire in the Abbey
Church of Bury St. Edmunds in the year 1198.[33] The relics would have
been destroyed during the night, but just at the crucial moment the
clock bell sounded for matins and the master of the vestry sounded the
alarm. On this "the young men amongst us ran to get water, some to the
well and others to the clock"--probably the sole occasion on which a
clock served as a fire hydrant.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account