Ontario Teachers' Manuals: Household ManagementOntario. Department of Education
General
Ontario Teachers' Manuals: Household Management
Ontario. Department of Education
Cooking; Home economics
Coarsely ground coffee must be boiled gently. Finely ground coffee may
be boiled gently or steeped. Very finely ground, or powdered coffee
should be steeped or filtered with boiling water.
COCOA
1. Description.--This contains a stimulant, but differs from tea and
coffee in being nutritious. It makes a desirable drink for children.
2. Method of cooking.--Cocoa contains starch and should be simmered or
gently boiled.
CHOCOLATE
This substance is the same as cocoa, except that it contains a much
larger amount of fat.
TABLE SETTING
The serving of food is incidentally a necessary part of nearly every
lesson in cookery, as the pupils usually eat what they prepare. In
regular class work the bare work table is used, and each pupil prepares
a place for herself only. The dishes soiled during the lesson should be
placed on the section covered with metal or glass at the back of the
table, and the front, or wooden part, cleared to be used as a dining
table. The teacher should insist on this part being clean and neatly
arranged. The few dishes used should be the most suitable selected from
the individual equipments, and they should be as carefully placed as for
a meal. From the very first, the pupils should be trained to habits of
neatness in setting the table, and in serving the food; and, what is
most important, they should be trained to eat in a refined manner. Lack
of time is sometimes given as an excuse for neglecting this training in
the usual cookery lessons; but if the teacher insists upon neatness in
work and good table manners, the pupils will soon learn to comply
without loss of time.
Laying a table may be formally taught at any stage of the work of Form
III, but it is most suitable after the class is capable of preparing the
food for a simple home meal. The topics of the lesson may be presented
as follows:
PREPARATION
1. See that the dining-room is well aired and in order.
2. See that the linen is clean and carefully laundered.
3. See that the glass, silver, and steel are polished.
4. Decide on the number to be served.
ARRANGEMENT
1. Place a silence cloth of felt, woollen, or thick cotton:
(1) To prevent the dishes from making a noise
(2) To give the table a better appearance
(3) To preserve the table top.
2. Lay the cloth, placing the centre of the cloth in the centre of the
table and spreading it smoothly, having its folds parallel with the
edges of the table.
3. Arrange a centre-piece, using a vase or basket of flowers, a small
plant or a dish of fruit.
4. Put a plate at each person's place and lay the cutlery and silver
beside it about one inch from the edge of the table, in the order of
use, those used first on the outside, or farthest from the plate. At
dinner these plates are usually placed before the one who serves.
(1) Place the knives at the right side, with
the sharp edges toward the plate.
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