Ontology, or the Theory of BeingCoffey, P. (Peter)
Philosophy
Ontology, or the Theory of Being
Coffey, P. (Peter)
Ontology
raised by human experience, the latter uses _reason enlightened by Divine
Revelation_ to study the contents of this Revelation in all their bearings
on man’s life and destiny.
Hence we arrive at this simple and widely accepted definition of
philosophy: _the science of all things through their ultimate reasons and
causes as discovered by the unaided light of human reason_.(5) The first
part of this definition marks off philosophy from the special sciences,
the second part marks it off from supernatural theology.
We must remember, however, that these three departments of
knowledge—scientific, philosophical, and revealed—are not isolated
from one another in any man’s mind; they overlap in their
subject-matter, and though differing in their respective
standpoints they permeate one another through and through. The
separation of the special sciences from philosophy, though
adumbrated in the speculations of ancient times and made more
definite in the middle ages, was completed only in modern times
through the growth and progress of the special sciences
themselves. The line of demarcation between philosophy and
supernatural theology must be determined by the proper relations
between Reason and Faith: and naturally these relations are a
subject of debate between philosophers who believe in the
existence of an authentic Divine Revelation and philosophers who
do not. It is the duty of the philosopher as such to determine by
the light of reason whether a Supreme Being exists and whether a
Divine Revelation to man is possible. If he convinces himself of
the existence of God he will have little difficulty in inferring
the _possibility_ of a Divine Revelation. The _fact_ of a Divine
Revelation is a matter not for philosophical but for historical
research. Now when a man has convinced himself of the existence of
God and the fact of a Divine Revelation—the _preambula fidei_ or
prerequisite conditions of Faith, as they are called—he must see
that it is eminently reasonable for him to believe in the contents
of such Divine Revelation; he must see that the truths revealed by
God cannot possibly trammel the freedom of his own reason in its
philosophical inquiries into ultimate problems concerning man and
the universe; he must see that these truths may possibly act as
beacons which will keep him from going astray in his own
investigations: knowing that truth cannot contradict truth he
knows that if he reaches a conclusion really incompatible with any
certainly revealed truth, such conclusion must be erroneous; and
so he is obliged to reconsider the reasoning processes that led
him to such a conclusion.(6) Thus, the position of the Christian
philosopher, aided in this negative way by the truths of an
authentic Divine Revelation, has a distinct advantage over that of
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