[5] At St. Jean de Luz, when he was endeavouring, though not very successfully, to shake off the after-effects of his last Somaliland campaign. He was then engaged in correcting the proofs of the volume of his Staff College lectures which was subsequently published under the title _Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville_ (Rees)--a most vivid and convincing narrative. In the intervals of work and golf he spent much of his time in visiting Wellington's adjacent battlefields and studying his passage of the Bidassoa and forcing of the Pyrenees. [6] Gough's many friends will ever feel a double debt of gratitude to that distinguished surgeon, Sir Berkeley Moynihan, who by this operation restored him, after several years of ill-health and suffering, almost to complete health; and who once again--when by a strange coincidence of war he found his former patient lying in the hospital at Estaires the day after he was brought in wounded--came to his aid, and all but achieved the miracle of saving his life. ORDEAL BY BATTLE PART I THE CAUSES OF WAR PART II THE SPIRIT OF GERMAN POLICY PART III THE SPIRIT OF BRITISH POLICY PART IV DEMOCRACY AND NATIONAL SERVICE TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I THE CAUSES OF WAR CHAPTER I PEACE AND WAR PAGE Peace is the greatest of British interests 3 Peaceful intentions will not ensure peace 4 Futility of Pacifism 6 Causes of wars in general 8 Causes of the American Civil War 10 Influence of ideas of duty and self-sacrifice 11 CHAPTER II THE OUTBREAK OF WAR July-August 1914 13 Reality or illusion 15 The Serajevo murders 16 Austria and Servia 17 English efforts to preserve peace 18 Mobilisation in Germany and Russia 19 Questions of neutrality 19 German Army enters Luxemburg, Belgium, and France 20 General conflagration 20 CHAPTER III WHO WANTED WAR?