Why did war occur? 22 Servia did not want war 22 Neither did Russia or France 23 Nor Belgium or England 25 Austria wanted war with Servia alone 26 Germany encouraged Austria to bring on war 29 Germany desired war believing that England would remain neutral 29 Austrian eleventh-hour efforts for peace frustrated by Germany 30 Sir Edward Grey's miscalculation 31 M. Sazonof thought war could have been avoided by plain speaking 32 Sir Edward Grey's reasons against plain speaking 33 Which was right? 34 CHAPTER IV THE PENALTY OF NEGLIGENCE Was war inevitable? 36 Not if England had been prepared morally and materially 37 Previous apprehensions of war 38 Peculiar characteristics of German animosity 39 British public opinion refused to treat it seriously 40 CHAPTER V PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY Who actually caused the conflagration? 42 Influence of the Professors, Press, and People of Germany 43 Influence of the Court, Army, and Bureaucracy 44 Various political characters 46 The Kaiser 48 There was no master-spirit 51 CHAPTER VI GERMAN MISCALCULATIONS Hero-worship and sham super-men 53 The Blunders of Bureaucracy 55 As to the time-table of the war 55 As to the quality of the French Army 55 As to the opinion of the world 56 As to the treatment of Belgium 57 As to British neutrality 58 As to the prevalence of Pacifism in England 59 As to Civil War in Ireland 62 As to rebellion in South Africa 64 As to Indian sedition 65 As to the spirit of the self-governing Dominions 67 Lack of instinct and its consequences 67 CHAPTER VII INTERNATIONAL ILL-WILL