All Lord Roberts's warnings were proved true 350 Many people nevertheless still believed that the voluntary system was a success 351 Lord Kitchener as Secretary of State for War 353 His previous record of success 354 His hold on public confidence 354 His grasp of the simple essentials 355 His determination to support France and make a New Army 355 His remarkable achievements 356 His want of knowledge of British political and industrial conditions 356 His colleagues, however, understood these thoroughly 357 CHAPTER V MATERIAL OF WAR Industrial congestion at the outbreak of war 358 Need for looking far ahead and organising production of war material 359 The danger of labour troubles 360 Outcry about shortage of supplies 360 Official denials were disbelieved 361 CHAPTER VI METHODS OF RECRUITING The first need was men 364 A call for volunteers the only way of meeting it 364 The second need was a system to provide men as required over the period of the war 365 No system was devised 365 The Government shrank from exercising its authority 366 Trusted to indirect pressure 366 And sensational appeals 367 They secured a new army of the highest quality 368 But they demoralised public opinion by their methods 369 Public opinion at the outbreak of war was admirable 372 It was ready to obey orders 373 No orders came 374 The triumph of the voluntary system 376 From the point of view of a Belgian or a Frenchman the triumph is not so clear 377 The voluntary system is inadequate to our present situation 379 Folly of waiting for disaster to demonstrate the necessity of National Service 380 CHAPTER VII PERVERSITIES OF THE ANTI-MILITARIST SPIRIT