PART V _MILITARY COMMAND_ CHAPTER XXII PRINCIPLES OF COMMAND Mode of Exercising Command 239 Instructions--Orders 242 Limits of Initiative in Staff Officers 246 CHAPTER XXIII PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ARMIES The Dynamic Crowd 248 Its Qualities 250 Its Leaders 251 Armies Dynamic Crowds 252 Their Leaders 252 Will Power--Prestige 253 APPENDIX A ORIGIN OF MILITARY TERMS 257 APPENDIX B REMARKS ON MILITARY NOMENCLATURE 265 DIAGRAM OF FIELD ARMY 136 ERRATA Page 34, line 2, _for_ “Mounted” _read_ “Mountain.” ” 104, line 6, _for_ “lb.” _read_ “oz.” in two places.” ” 141, line 6, _for_ “270” _read_ “240.” ” 183, line 10, _for_ “100” _read_ “1000.” ABBREVIATIONS A few abbreviations of familiar military terms have been used. These are: A.G. Adjutant-General. Q.M.G. Quarter-Master-General. C.-in-C. Commander-in-Chief. A.D.C. Aide de Camp. N.C.O. Non-Commissioned Officer. Q.M.S. Quarter-Master-Sergeant. A.S.C. Army Service Corps. R.A.M.C. Royal Army Medical Corps. T. and S. Transport and Supply. L. of C. Lines of Communication. INTRODUCTION The Organization which it is the purport of this work to describe is that of Armies in War. The vast subject of Organization in Peace opens out too wide a field. It is necessarily different in every country, being based on national idiosyncrasies, complicated by political, economic, and topographical conditions. These factors, however dominating in peace, have less influence on organization for war. The general features of War Organization are identical in all modern armies, as they represent the consensus of expert opinion, based on the practice of great leaders, and on the lessons learnt from success and failure in recent wars.