[35] In the three previously mentioned manuscripts on the Ifugao religion, between two and three thousand deities are spoken of by name, and this is only a fraction of the number known to the Ifugaos. Of course, only a few of them are really great deities, but even such may be counted by hundreds. Of the very diverse and all-inclusive character of these deities, no accurate idea can be given within the brief limits of this paper. Suffice it to say there are gods of war, of industry (such as weaving, metal-working, etc.), and of beauty and love; nature-gods, cannibalistic gods, evil deities, mythical monsters, messenger spirits, guardian spirits; and hosts of mischievous elves and fairies. [36] Collected by Juan Fernández Villaverde, in 1894, from a celebrated Ifugao priest, Duminóng of Kiángan. Translated, corrected, and annotated by myself with the assistance of Mr. John M. Garvan. [37] This statement is significant, as it shows an understanding of the true cause of the echo. Ifugao cosmographical and astronomical knowledge is not very primitive, as a careful study of this myth will clearly demonstrate. [38] God of the rain. [39] Ifugao knowledge of the part played by erosion in the formation of the topographical features of the earth is clearly shown. [40] Shellfish, greens, fruits, meats, or fish that constitute the savory part of the meal, as contrasted with kánon which refers only to staple foods such as rice, sweet potatoes, etc. [41] Mumbónang has a head covered with bristles, just like a porcupine, but radiating and sharp pointed like nails facing outward to penetrate any object on the outside. He possibly represents some constellation. [42] The goddess of weaving. [43] Or Ngílîn an Maknóngan (?). [44] Deities which the Ifugaos believe to be their ancestors. [45] The people of Alímît Ifugao. (Plate I.) [46] Tad-óna and Inúke are recognized as common ancestors by all the Kiángan Ifugaos, and the myths about them are legion. [47] Ceremonies to the búni, accompanied by prayers and sacrifices. [48] A version of the same type, but very different in detail, is contained in the unpublished notes of Mr. Roy Franklin Barton. I have also several others from the same area (Kiángan Ifugao) that were collected by Lieut. Maximo Meimban. [49] For bibliographical reference, see Villaverde, loc. cit. [50] Manaháut is the greatest and most hated evil deity of the Ifugaos. [51] The memory of cannibalism so common in Ifugao mythology possibly dates back to a period of contact with human cannibals. [52] The Ifugao version of the story states that the sky was so low that it interfered with the plying of the spear, while the Manóbo story relates that the rice pestle would strike against it. It is possible that this myth dates back to cave-dwelling ancestors--for the low roof of a cave would be an inconvenience of the same character as that which is here ascribed to the sky.