Origin of modern calculating machines — John Shaqi
Origin of modern calculating machinesTurck, J. A. V.
History
Origin of modern calculating machines
Turck, J. A. V.
Calculators
The first attempt to control the carried wheel in a key-driven machine
is found in a patent issued to Bouchet in 1882 (see illustration
on opposite page); but it was a Geneva motion gearing which, as is
generally known, may act to transmit power and then act to lock the
wheel to which the power has been transmitted until it is again to be
turned through the same source. Such a geared up and locked relation
between the numeral wheels, of course, made the turning of the higher
wheel (which had been so locked) by another set of key-mechanism an
impossibility.
BOUCHET MACHINE
The illustration of the Bouchet machine on the opposite page was
reproduced from the drawings of the patent which is the nearest to the
machine that was placed on the market. The numeral wheels, like most of
the single-digit adders, are three in number, and consist of the prime
actuated, or units wheel, and two overflow wheels to receive the carry
of the tens. The units wheel has fixed to it a long 10-tooth pinion or
rotor I, with which nine internal segmental gear racks L, are arranged
to engage and turn the units wheel through their nine varying additive
degrees of rotation.
[Sidenote: _Description of Bouchet machine_]
The segmental gear racks L, are normally out of mesh with the pinion
I, and are fast to the key levers E, in such a manner that the first
depression of a key causes its rack to rock forward and engage with the
pinion I, and further depression moves the rack upward and rotates the
pinion and units numeral wheel. It will be noted that this engaging and
disengaging gear action is in principle like that of Robjohn.
The transfer devices for the carry of the tens, as already stated,
belong to that class of mechanism commonly known as the “Geneva
motion.” It consists of a mutilated or one-tooth gear fast to the units
wheel operating with a nine-tooth gear, marked D¹, loosely mounted on
an axis parallel to the numeral wheel axis. Each revolution of the
units wheel moves the nine-tooth gear three spaces, and in turn moves
the next higher numeral wheel to which it is geared far enough to
register one point or the carry. A circular notched disc, marked S, is
fast to the units wheel, and the nine-tooth gear D¹, has part of two
out of every three of its teeth mutilated or cut away to make a convex
surface for the notched disc to rotate in.
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