Origin of modern calculating machinesTurck, J. A. V.
History
Origin of modern calculating machines
Turck, J. A. V.
Calculators
When in the course of such downward movement the denominational
actuators are intercepted by the stop-wires C¹, the yielding spring
pressure of the levers D¹, allow the notches y, to slip over the pins
b², and leave the denominational actuators and their type-wheels set
for recording the item thus set up.
The means provided for impression of the type is shown in other
drawings of a patent not reproduced here. The means provided consisted
of a universal platen, which, the specification states, serves to press
the ink-ribbon and paper against the type after all the figures of each
item were set.
While Barbour, Baldwin and Pottin all used the universal platen to
print the collective setting of type represented in the items or
totals, as the case may be, each varied somewhat in detail. Baldwin
used a toggle to press the platen toward the type, while Burroughs used
a spring to press the platen against the type and a toggle to press it
away from the type.
Burroughs claimed to have combined in his invention the printing of
the totals, with the printing of the items, each of which it has been
shown was claimed by the patentees of previous inventions but had not
been combined in one machine prior to the Burroughs attempt.
The process for recording these totals in the Burroughs patent
consisted of utilizing the action of the total wheels during their
resetting or zeroizing movement to gauge the setting of the type-wheels.
The specification shows that, during the downward motion or setting
of the denominational actuators, as they set the type wheels, the
numeral wheels are out of gear and receive no motion therefrom; and
that after the recording of each item and during the return motion of
denominational actuators, the numeral or total wheels are revolved
forward in their accumulative action of adding the items and thus
registering the total.
Provision is made, however, when it is desired to print the totals, to
cause the totalizing wheels to enmesh with the denominational actuators
on their downward or setting movement, and for the unlatching of all
the racks so that by operating the hand lever C⁵, the downward action
of the racks will reverse the action of the totalizing wheels, which
will revolve backward until the zeros show at the visible reading
point, where they will be arrested by stops provided for that purpose.
By this method the forward rotation accumulated on each wheel will,
through the reverse action of zeroizing, give a like degree of action
to the type-wheels through the denominational actuators. Thus the
registration of the total wheels, it is claimed, will be transferred
to the type-wheels and the record printed thereof as a footing to the
column of numerical items that have been added.
[Sidenote: _All early arithmetical printing devices impractical_]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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