Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Bill as long as the head, deeper than broad at the base, the margins
parallel, slightly dilated towards the end, which is rounded, the
frontal angles rather narrow and pointed. Upper mandible with the
dorsal line at first straight and declinate, then slightly concave,
direct for a short space near the tip, where it is incurved, the ridge
broad and concave at the base, narrowed at the middle, enlarged and
convex at the end, the sides nearly erect and concave at the base,
becoming anteriorly more and more declinate and convex, the edges
curved upwards, with about 50 lamellæ, the unguis small and oblong.
Nostrils submedial, linear-oblong, rather large, pervious, near the
ridge, in an oblong depression covered with soft membrane. Lower
mandible flattened, being but slightly convex, with the angle very
long and rather narrow, the dorsal line very short and straight, the
erect edges with about 55 inferior and 105 superior lamellæ, the unguis
obovato-elliptical.
Head rather large, compressed, convex above. Eyes small. Neck of
moderate length, rather thick. Body full, depressed. Wings small.
Feet very short, strong, placed rather far behind; tarsus very short,
compressed, anteriorly with narrow scutella continuous with those of
the middle toe, and having another series commencing half-way down
and continuous with those of the outer toe, the rest reticulated with
angular scales. Hind toe small, with an inner expanded margin or web;
middle toe nearly double the length of the tarsus, outer a little
shorter. Claws small, compressed, that of the first toe very small and
curved, of the third toe larger and more expanded than the rest.
Plumage dense, soft, blended. Feathers of the upper part of the head
small and rather compact, of the rest of the head and neck small,
blended, and glossy. Wings shortish, narrow, pointed; primary quills
strong, tapering, the first longest, the second almost as long, the
rest rapidly diminishing; secondary quills broad and rounded, the inner
elongated and tapering. Tail very short, much rounded, or wedge-shaped,
of fourteen feathers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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