Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of AmericaAudubon, John James
Science
Ornithological biography, Vol. 4 (of 5) : $b An account of the habits of the birds of the United States of America
Audubon, John James
Birds -- North America
Bill a little shorter than the head, rather stout, compressed,
tapering, straightish, being recurvate in a slight degree. Upper
mandible with the dorsal line very slightly concave, the nasal groove
extending to the middle, the sides beyond it sloping, the tip depressed
and blunted. Nostrils sub-basal linear-oblong, pervious. Lower mandible
with the angle short, the dorsal line ascending and slightly convex,
the sides convex, the edges sharp, the tip depressed and blunted.
Head small, ovate; eyes of moderate size. Neck of ordinary length.
Body rather full. Feet of moderate length, stout; tibia bare at the
lower part, and covered with reticulated scales; tarsus roundish, with
numerous broad anterior scutella; toes four, the first very small,
and placed higher than the rest; the anterior toes free to the base,
distinctly margined on both edges, the inner toe a little shorter than
the outer, the third or middle toe considerably longer; claws rather
small, arcuate, compressed, blunted.
Plumage full, soft, rather dense, and glossy; feathers on the hind
neck blended, and rather narrow, on the other parts ovate. Wings long,
pointed, of moderate breadth: primaries with strong shafts, rather
broad, narrowed towards the end, the first longest, the rest rapidly
decreasing; outer secondaries incurved, obliquely rounded; inner
elongated, one of them extending to half an inch of the tip of the
longest primary, when the wing is closed. Tail rather short, slightly
rounded, of twelve moderately broad, rounded feathers.
Bill black. Iris hazel. Feet deep orange red, claws black. Plumage
variegated with white, black, brown, and red. Upper parts of the
head and nape streaked with black and reddish-white; a broad band of
white crosses the forehead, passes over the eyes, and down the sides
of the neck, the hind-part of which is reddish-white faintly mottled
with dusky; a frontal band of black curves downwards before the eye,
enclosing a white patch on the lore, and meeting another black band
glossed with blue, which proceeds down the neck, from the base of
the lower mandible, enlarging behind the ear, covering the whole
anterior part of the neck, and passing along the shoulder over the
scapulars; the throat, hind part of the back, the outer scapulars,
upper tail-coverts, and the under parts of the body and wings, white.
Anterior smaller wing-coverts dusky, the rest bright chestnut or
brownish-orange, as are the outer webs of the inner tertiaries; alula,
primary coverts, outer secondary coverts and quills blackish-brown,
their inner webs becoming white towards the base; a broad band of white
extends across the wing, including the bases of the primary quills,
excepting the outer four, and the ends of the secondary coverts; the
shafts of the primaries white. Tail white, with a broad blackish-brown
bar towards the end, broader in the middle, the tips white. A dusky
band crosses the rump.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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