Detroit, Irish in, 113; Germans in, 135; Poles in, 167 (note); Italians in, 180 Devotionalists, 85-89, 90 Douglass, Frederick, 64 DuBois, W.E.B., negro scholar, 64 Duluth, Finnish college near, 160 Dunbar, P.L., negro poet, 64 Dunkards, 70 Dunkers, 13 Dutch, in United States, 17-18; number of immigrants, 153 Ebenezer Society, 81 Economy, Harmonists establish, 75; Rapp as leader, 75-76; as a communistic community, 76-77; membership, 76 (note); Amana gains members from, 83 Emmet, Robert, emigration from Ireland after failure of, 105 England, reasons for expansion, 2-3; imports, 3; social and religious changes, 6-7; kidnaping, 8; emigration of poor, 9, 110, 111; criminals sent to colonies, 9; and Ulster, 10; French Protestants flee to, 15; Jews in, 16; industrial revolution and the American negro, 52; emigration from, 150 English, in Virginia, 1; in New World, 2-10; serving class, 8; Nonconformists in Manhattan, 17; and Dutch, 17-18; and French, 18; on land, 151; in Johnstown (Penn.), 216; in Granite City (Ill.), 217; in coal mines of Pennsylvania, 218 Ephrata, 70-72 Erie, Fort, Fenians hold, 120 Europe, migrations, 1-2; immigration from, 103; _see also_ names of peoples Fairchild, H.P., quoted, 183 Faneuil, Peter, 16 Fenian movement, 118-21 Finns in America, 160, 176, 185 Fiske, John, on Scotch-Irish in colonies, 12 (note); _The Dutch and Quaker Colonies in America_, cited, 14 (note) Fitchburg, Poles in, 214 Fleming, W.L., _The Sequel of Appomattox_, cited, 57 (note) Florida, fugitive slaves in, 54 Follenius quoted, 135-36 Ford, H.J., _The Scotch-Irish in America_, quoted, 31 Forestville (Ind.), communistic attempt, 96 Fourierism in United States, 93, 96-97, 101-02 Franklin, Benjamin, estimates population of Pennsylvania (1774), 12 (note) Franklin (N.Y.), communistic attempt at, 96 Freedmen's Bureau, 57, 58 French, Protestants leave France, 15; forts and trading posts of, 18; in United States, 151-53; in Charleroi (Penn.), 217; _see also_ Huguenots French Canadians in New England, 122, 152, 215 Frontiersmen, 34-36 Gallipolis (O.) settled by French, 151 Galveston, Italians in, 211 Garfield, J.A., and Chinese immigration, 197 (note) Garland, Hamlin, _A Son of the Middle Border_, 36-37 Gary (Ind.), character of town, 216-17 Genoa (Wis.), Italian colony, 212 Georgia, English settle, 5; not represented in first census, 25 German-American League, 145