United States. Navy -- History -- World War, 1914-1918; World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations, American
Convoy BG-68, escorted by the _Cythera_, was attacked the night of
October 3rd, and two steamships, the British _Ariel_ and the French
_St. Luc_, were torpedoed. The _Cythera_ went for the submarine, laying
a pattern of depth-charges. While being escorted through the Straits
of Gibraltar by _H. M. S. Defender_ and the _U. S. S. Decatur_, _H. M.
S. Britannia_ was torpedoed and sunk at 7 a. m., November 9, 1918. The
_Decatur_ attacked with depth-charges. The same day a torpedo was fired
at the _Parker_, which was on temporary duty on the western barrage
line, in the Straits. But the torpedo missed, and the _Parker_ went
after the U-boat, dropping depth-bombs around her.
German submarine activity around Gibraltar continued up to the very end
of hostilities. On November 10, 1918, the day before the armistice, the
_Israel_, which was operating on the barrage line with a sub-chaser,
discovered and attacked a U-boat, and the same day Sub-chaser Unit C,
while patrolling off Point Boassa, also made contact with a submarine.
Two vessels of the Gibraltar force were lost--the destroyer _Chauncey_,
sunk in collision with the British steamship _Rose_, November 19, 1917,
and the Coast Guard cutter _Tampa_, sunk in British waters September
30, 1918.
The six little destroyers sent from the Philippines to Gibraltar made
the long voyage of 12,000 miles under their own steam, arriving in
October. The work they did was amazing, when their small size and age
are considered. One of them, the _Decatur_, 420 tons displacement,
which had been condemned as not seaworthy enough to venture out of
sight of land, successfully negotiated the long voyage from Manila, and
in service at Gibraltar steamed over 48,000 miles, making a total of
60,000 miles steaming before her departure for the United States.
The _Wenonah_, an armed yacht of hardly more than 200 tons, steamed in
escort work 29,979 miles. The U. S. Coast Guard cutter _Seneca_, which
arrived at Gibraltar September 4, 1917, escorted 600 ships in convoys,
carrying total cargoes of 2,100,000 tons. These are only a few of the
phenomenal records made.
United States naval vessels based on Gibraltar assisted in escorting
562 convoys, and 79 single ships, furnishing an average of fifty per
cent of all escorts. Under way 46 per cent of the time and 68 per cent
available at all times for operation, our vessels were, in addition
to the Gibraltar-England service and danger zone escort, employed in
escorting ships to Bizerta, Genoa, Oran and Marseilles. They maintained
a monthly service to the Azores, escorted cable ships, and also did
other odd jobs.
No vessels performed more convoy duty than these, and Admiral Niblack,
who commanded them, thus states what was expected of the system:
(a) That a relatively small number of escort vessels could protect
more ships if they were in convoy than in any other way.
(b) That ships in convoy could not be visited and sunk by bombs, as
were single ships.
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