40. =MOUTH LATIN AND BOOK LATIN.=--The introduction of Latin words into our English speech by two doors--by the living conversation of living people, and by the silent door of books, has given rise to a phenomenon of the same kind as that described in section 36. But the phenomenon of duplicates or =doublets= presents itself to our notice on a much larger scale now; and, in every case, the duplicate word becomes in reality two separate words--employed for separate purposes, and with perfectly distinct meanings. Thus, though _legal_, _leal_, and _loyal_ are, in their origin, fundamentally the same word, their meanings are perfectly distinct and even widely different; _hospital_ and _hotel_ are the same words, but they are no longer used in the same sense; while _fact_ and _feat_ have also widely diverged from each other in use and in signification. The Latin words that have come from the Latin language by the path of books, have kept their Latin shape, and may be called _Book Latin_. The Latin words that have come to us by the path of Norman-French have undergone great alterations; and they may be called _spoken Latin_. The chief process of alteration undergone by them is that of _squeezing_; three syllables have generally been squeezed into two. The following is a list: =DUPLICATE WORDS OR DOUBLETS.= LATIN. BOOK LATIN. SPOKEN LATIN. Benedictio, benediction, benison. Cadentia (things falling cadence, chance. or befalling), Captivus, captive, caitiff. Conceptio, conception, conceit. Cophinus, coffin, coffer. Debitum, debit, debt. Defectum, defect, defeat. Dilatare, dilate, delay. Exemplum, example, sample. Fabrica, fabric, forge. Factio, faction, fashion. Factum, fact, feat. Fidelitas, fidelity, fealty. Fragilis, fragile, frail. Gentilis, gentile, gentle, genteel. Granum (a grain), granary, garner. Historia, history, story. Hospitale, hospital, hotel. Lectio, lection, lesson. Legalis, legal, loyal. Major (greater), major, mayor. Maledictio, malediction, malison. Nutrimentum, nutriment, nourishment. Oratio, oration, orison. Pagus (a country district pagan, paynim (the heathen). or canton), Particula, particle, parcel.