(iv) =Introduction of Scotticisms and Americanisms.=--The right of the Scottish tongue to be considered one of the worthiest varieties of the genuine old English or Saxon tongue is now generally recognised. But apart from that, the intrinsic merit of such words as _eerie_, _glamour_, _sough_, _bonnie_, _douce_ (both of which last, however, are of French origin), will probably secure them a permanent place in our language. The influence of America will also be more and more felt on the common English language, whether through its stock of old Saxon phrases which have been preserved in America, through the innovations made by its humorists, or the new experiences in its social and political life. (v) =Further borrowing from Foreign Languages.=--Even the most remote and unlikely make important and familiar contributions to our tongue. From the Malays we have (along with the thing) borrowed the words _bamboo_, _gong_, _sago_; from the Australians we have _boomerang_ and _kangaroo_; and from South African tongues, _gnu_, _quagga_, _kraal_. CHAPTER IV. =Words adopted from Foreign Languages.= 1. =FROM AFRICAN DIALECTS.=--Chimpanzee, gnu, gorilla, karoo, kraal, zebra. 2. =FROM AMERICAN TONGUES.=--Buccaneer, cacique, cannibal, canoe, caoutchouc, cayman, chocolate, condor, guano, hammock, jaguar, jalap, jerked (beef), llama, mahogany, maize, manioc, moccasin, mustang, opossum, pampas, pemmican, potato, skunk, squaw, tapioca, tobacco, tomahawk, tomato, wigwam, yam. 3. =FROM THE ARABIC LANGUAGE.= (The word _al_ means _the_. Thus al_cohol_ = _the spirit_. A few of the following words, however, though they have come to us through Arabic, belong originally to other tongues. Thus alchemy and talisman are from the Greek; apricot is Latin.)--Admiral, alchemy, alcohol, alcove, alembic, algebra, alkali, amber, apricot, arrack, arsenal, artichoke, assassin, assegai, attar, azimuth, azure, caliph, carat, chemistry, cipher, civet, coffee, cotton, crimson, dragoman, elixir, emir, fakir, felucca, gazelle, giraffe, harem, hookah, koran (or alcoran), lute, magazine, mattress, minaret, mohair, monsoon, mosque, mufti, nabob, nadir, naphtha, salaam, senna, sherbet, shrub (the drink), simoom, sirocco, sofa, sultan, syrup, talisman, tamarind, tariff, vizier, zenith, zero. 4. =FROM CHINESE.=--Bohea, congou, hyson, joss, junk, nankeen, pekoe, souchong, tea. 5. =FROM DUTCH= (words relating chiefly to naval affairs).--Boom, boor, hoy, luff, reef, schiedam (gin), skates, skipper, sloop, smack, smuggle, stiver, taffrail, wear (of a ship), yacht. 6. =FROM FRENCH.=--Aide-de-camp, belle, bivouac, blonde, bouquet, brunette, brusque, carte-de-visite, coup-d’état, débris, début, déjeûner (breakfast), depot, éclat, ennui, etiquette, naive, naïveté, nonchalance, personnel, précis, programme, protégé, recherché, soirée.