4. _From Ka'desh-bar'ne-a through the Desert of Pa'ran and Return._ This was the long wandering of thirty-eight years. We trace the route from Ka'desh, around the Desert of Pa'ran, to Mount Hor, to E'zi-on-ge'ber at the head of the Gulf of Ak'a-ba, and at last to Ka'desh once more (Num. 20. 1). There occurred: 7.) The water from the rock at Ka'desh and Mo'ses's disobedience (Num. 20. 10-12). 8.) The repulse by A'rad (Num. 21. 1). It would seem that the Is'ra-el-ites made a second attempt to enter Ca'naan on the south, and were again defeated, though not so severely as before. 5. _From Ka'desh-bar'ne-a around E'dom to the River Jor'dan._ After this second defeat Mo'ses desired to lead the people through the land of the E'dom-ites, and to enter Ca'naan by crossing the Jor'dan (Num. 20. 14). But the E'dom-ites refused to permit such an army to pass through their land (Num. 20. 18-21). Hence the Is'ra-el-ites were compelled to go down the Desert of Zin, past E'dom, as far as the Red Sea, then east of E'dom--a very long and toilsome journey (Num. 21. 4). Note with this journey: 9.) The brazen serpent (Num. 21. 6-9; John 3. 14, 15). 10.) The victory over the Am'or-ites (Num. 21. 23,24). This victory gave to the Is'ra-el-ites control of the country from Ar'non to Jab'bok, and was the first campaign of the conquest. The long journey was now ended in the encampment of the Is'ra-el-ites at the foot of Mount Ne'bo, on the eastern bank of the Jor'dan, near the head of the Dead Sea. 11.) The last event of the period was the death of Mo'ses, B. C. 1451 (Deut. 34. 5-8). IV. =The Results of the Wandering.= These forty years of wilderness life made a deep impress upon the Is'ra-el-ite people, and wrought great changes in their character. 1. It gave them certain _Institutions_. From the wilderness they brought their tabernacle and all its rites and services, out of which grew the magnificent ritual of the temple. The Feast of Passover commemorated the exodus, the Feast of Pentecost the giving of the law, the Feast of Tabernacles (during which for a week the people lived in huts and booths) the outdoor life in the desert. 2. Another result was _National Unity_. When the Is'ra-el-ites left E'gypt they were twelve unorganized tribes, without a distinct national life. Forty years in the wilderness, meeting adversities together, fighting enemies, marching as one host, made them a nation. They emerged from the wilderness a distinct people, with one hope and aim, with patriotic self-respect, ready to take their place among the nations of the earth.