The greatest initiators in the religious order have been the greatest
creators of symbols. Prophecy, in the Biblical sense of the word, has
never given divine revelation except in the form of images. And whence
spring these images but from the exaltation of the religious life of
the prophet which spontaneously expresses itself without? Every other
conception of inspiration is anti-psychological.
To the question, Whence come the life and power of symbols? we reply:
From the primitive organic unity of the sentiment of piety, and of the
image which translates it first to consciousness. It is the organic
unity of soul and body. The greater the creative force that engenders
the symbol, the stronger is this unity. It constitutes its truth
because it constitutes its life. For a symbol, to be living it
suffices that it should be sincere, that the feeling should not be
separate from the image, nor the image from the feeling. To this cry
of confidence in God, "The Lord is my rock," there is no objection, so
long as this confidence is really felt, although a rock is a very poor
image of God. It follows that the value of a symbol must not be
measured by the nature of the image employed, but by the moral value,
in the scale of feeling, of the relation in which it places us to God.
It is the moral value of this relation which alone makes the intrinsic
value of a religion, and which permits us to assign to it its true
place in the development of humanity.
The time comes, however, when the image detaches itself from the
feeling that produced it, and when it fixes itself as such in the
memory. In considering it in itself, reflection transforms the image
into an idea more or less abstract, and takes this idea for a
representation of the object of religion. But then arises the original
discrepancy that we noted at the outset between the object of religion,
which is transcendent, and the nature of the phenomenal image by which
we attempt to represent it. Hence there is a latent contradiction in
every symbolic idea. To get rid of this contradiction the
understanding is obliged to eliminate from these ideas the sensible
element which remains in them and renders them inadequate to their
object.
By progressive generalisation and abstraction, reasoning attenuates the
primitive metaphor; it wears it down as on a grindstone. But, when the
metaphorical element has disappeared, the notion itself vanishes in so
far as it is a positive notion. There are mysterious lamps which only
burn under an alabaster globe. You may thin away the solid envelope to
make it more transparent. But mind you do not break it; for the flame
inside will then go out and leave you in the dark.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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