6. DIPSACACEÆ (Dipsacus fullonum) Teasel. [Illustration: Teasel.] The heads of the Teasel were formerly used, to an enormous extent, for carding cloth, and were cultivated largely in some parts for that purpose--wagon-loads of them were brought to the cloth-dressers--but their use is now, to some extent, superseded, the process called "teaselling" being frequently performed by machinery. 7. ASTERACEÆ (Tussilago Farfara) Coltsfoot. (Helianthus annuus) Sunflower. (Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum). Ox-eye Daisy. [Illustration: Coltsfoot.] [Illustration: Ox-eye Daisy.] The members of this family have a star-like inflorescence, as the Sunflower, China Aster, &c.; the centre part or eye, being composed of undeveloped florets, is frequently, by cultivation, almost lost, forming florets which are added to the ray. 8. CAMPANULACEÆ (Campanula rotundifolia) Hare-bell. (Campanula media) Canterbury-bell. [Illustration: Harebell.] Comprise the various "Bells," which form of inflorescence is characteristic of the Corollifloræ. There are about 500 species of this order, the flowers of which are for the most part of a blue or purple colour; the Hare-bell is also known as the "Bluebell of Scotland." 9. ERICACEÆ (Calluna vulgaris) Heather. (Erica cinerea) Grey Heath. [Illustration: Grey Heath.] The Heaths are, for the most part, social plants, growing in great numbers on waste ground, and giving great beauty to scenery. The Heather gives a peculiar aspect to the hills of Scotland. Humboldt observes, "It is curious that, out of more than 300 species of Erica, one only should be found throughout the whole American continent." 10. GENTIANACEÆ (Gentiana campestris) Field Gentian. (Menyanthes trifoliata) Buck Bean. [Illustration: Field Gentian.] [Illustration: Buck Bean.] This order contains no member of great importance; the Gentian-root, much used as a tonic, is the product of the "Gentiana Lutea." 11. PRIMULACEÆ (Anagallis arvensis) Pimpernel. (Primula veris) Cowslip. (Primula acaulis) Primrose. [Illustration: Pimpernel.] [Illustration: Primrose.] These well-known and beautiful flowers form ornaments to our meadows, hedgerows, and gardens; the Oxlip, Polyanthus, and Auricula belong to this order, of which many varieties are produced by cultivation. 12. CONVOLVULACEÆ (Calystegia sepium) Bindweed. [Illustration: Bindweed.] The Bindweeds are gay and beautiful flowers, and besides being used for ornamental purposes, many of this order have medicinal properties of great importance. The Jalap root is from the Convolvulus Jalapæ, which comes from Xalapa, in Mexico, of which name Jalap is a corruption. Scammony, another medicine much used, is a resin procured from a species of this order. 13. BORAGINACEÆ (Borago officinalis) Borage. [Illustration: Borage.]