Many salmon are caught by stake nets, and also by the practice of "spearing;" this is a very picturesque sight, as it is conducted by torchlight. The Herring (Clupea Harengus) makes its visit to this country about September, in enormous shoals, extending many miles each way; they are caught in great quantities and salted in the boats immediately; when brought on shore they are suspended in the smoke of wood fires, and become "red herrings." The Herring fisheries are very important, and afford--like the Salmon fisheries--employment to thousands; the greatest quantities are caught off the coast of Norway, where it is calculated about 400,000,000 are taken yearly. A great many are caught off Lowestoffe, and Wick, in Caithness. The Pilchard (Clupea pilchardus) is a kind of Herring, and is caught in enormous quantities off the coasts of Cornwall. The Sprat and Whitebait are species of "Clupea." 3. MALACOPTERYGII SUB-BRACHIALES (Sub-brachial soft fin). The brachial Malacopterygii include most of the Flat Fish; as the Turbot, Plaice, Sole, &c. (fig. 40). The Turbot, and Halibut are caught out in the deep waters, but the Plaice and Flounders, chiefly in shallows; these fish have one side dark and the other light, and both eyes are placed on the dark side; they always swim with this side upwards; in the Turbot this is the _left_, while in Plaice it is the _right_ side. The Cod (fig. 40) is also included in this order; it is a large fish, often weighing forty or fifty pounds, and three or four feet long; it is chiefly caught in northern regions, the banks of Newfoundland being the most celebrated for its Cod fisheries, and supply the London market. These fish are caught by a long line and hook let down to a great depth. [Illustration: FIG. 40.--1, TURBOT (Rhombus maximus). 2, SOLE (Solea vulgaris). 3, PLAICE (Platessa communis). 4, COD (Gadus morrhua).] 4. MALACOPTERYGII APODES (Footless soft fin). [Illustration: FIG. 41.--THE EEL (Anguilla acutirostris).]