=Tuberculosis.= This disease is by far the most important bacterial malady that affects man and beast. In man, it assumes a wide variety of phases, ranging from consumption, tuberculosis of the lungs, which is by far the most common type, to scrofulous glands in the neck, cold abscesses, hip-joint, and bone diseases, as well as affection of the bowels. These various manifestations are all produced by the inroads of the specific organism, Bacillus tuberculosis. The bovine, as well as swine, fowls, and other warm-blooded animals, are also affected with similar diseases. In man, the importance of the malady is recognized when it appears that fully one-seventh of the human race die of this scourge. In cattle, the disease is equally widespread, particularly in those countries where live stock has been intensively developed. In the northern countries of Europe, such as Denmark, Germany, England, France, and the Netherlands, as well as in Canada, and this country, this disease has been most widely disseminated. This has been occasioned, in large measure, because of the exceedingly insidious nature of the disease in cattle, thereby permitting interchange of such diseased stock without the disease being recognized. Tuberculosis is found more abundantly in this country in dairy than in beef stock. Dairy cattle are, however, not more susceptible, but the closer environment in which milch cattle are kept, and the fact that there has been greater activity in the matter of introducing improved strains, accounts for the larger percentage of affected animals. It has been a disputed question for some years whether the organisms producing bovine and human tuberculosis are identical or from the practical standpoint, whether the bovine type of disease is transmitted under natural conditions to man. The bacteriologist can readily detect differences in appearance, in growth of cultures, and in disease-producing properties between the two strains. Of the two, the bovine is much the more virulent when inoculated into experimental animals. In a considerable number of cases, record of accidental infection from cattle to man has been observed. These have occurred in persons making postmortem examination on tuberculous animals, and the tubercular nature of the wound proven by excision and inoculation. More recently, since the agitation by Robert Koch of Germany, a number of scientific commissions have studied particularly the problem of transmission. It is now estimated that perhaps seven per cent of the tuberculosis in man is of bovine origin. This is almost wholly confined to children. The portions of the body that become diseased, when the infection has resulted from the use of milk, are the glands of the neck and of the abdomen.