1370. The bishop and people of Limoges having admitted a French garrison, the Black Prince invested and captured the town: 3,000 men, women, and children were butchered in cold blood. 1374. The only possessions that the English retained in France were Calais, Bordeaux, Bayonne, and a few places on the Dordogne. 1376. Death of the Black Prince. In this reign _justices of the peace were appointed_. _Growth of the power of parliament._ Windsor Castle rebuilt and enlarged by William of Wykeham, a famous architect, afterwards Bishop of Winchester. RICHARD II., of BORDEAUX. =D.= He was the son of Edward the Black Prince. =B.= at Bordeaux, 1368. =M.= (1) to Anne of Bohemia, sister of the Emperor Wenceslaus; (2) to Isabella, daughter of Charles VI. of France. Deposed, Sept. 29, 1399. Said to have been murdered in Pontefract Castle, 1400. =R.= 22-1/4 years (1377 to 1399). 1379. A capitation tax, ranging from £6 13s. 4d. to 4d. per head, imposed by parliament. 1380. A capitation tax voted, of twelvepence per head, on every person above 15 years of age. 1381. WAT TYLER'S INSURRECTION: caused immediately by the capitation tax, and its rigorous mode of collection. The insurrection broke out in Kent under Tyler, and in Essex under Jack Straw. The rebels marched to London, and committed great excesses. Richard met them at Smithfield, where Tyler was struck down by the Lord Mayor, and slain. Several concessions were granted to the insurgents, and afterwards revoked. 1384. Death of John Wycliffe, the 'Morning Star of the Reformation.' This famous divine, born in 1324, held doctrines very similar to those of the Reformers of the sixteenth century: and by his efforts and those of his disciples they were extensively spread among the people. His followers were called Wycliffites, or Lollards. His writings are very numerous, but the most celebrated is his translation of the Bible into English. 1385. The Scots having made incursions in the north of England, Richard advanced against them, and burnt Edinburgh, Dunfermline, Perth, and Dundee. 1386. The king's favourites, De Vere, duke of Ireland, and De la Pole, earl of Suffolk, removed from office, and Suffolk impeached. Richard compelled to entrust the government to a council of regency, with the duke of Gloucester, one of his uncles, at the head. 1387. De Vere raised forces in the king's behalf, but was defeated at RADCOT BRIDGE, in Oxfordshire. 1388. =The Wonderful Parliament= assembled: five of the king's counsellors convicted of high treason, and two executed. De la Pole and De Vere escaped out of the country. Henry Percy (Hotspur) defeated by the Scots in the battle of Chevy Chase at OTTERBURN (Aug. 10). 1389. Richard recovered his authority. 1390. _Navigation Act_: merchandise to be exported in English vessels only. 1392. _Statute of Præmunire_ passed.