Persons who purchased, in the court of Rome or elsewhere, bulls or other papal instruments, were to be brought before the king and his council to answer for their conduct, and were liable to outlawry and loss of lands and goods. 1397. The duke of Gloucester arrested and conveyed to Calais, where it was generally believed he was murdered. 1398. A Parliament at Shrewsbury reversed the acts of the Wonderful Parliament. Richard banished the Duke of Hereford (Henry Bolingbroke) for ten years, and the duke of Norfolk for life. =The king's power nearly absolute.= 1399. Richard visited Ireland. During his absence Hereford, who, by his father's death, had become duke of Lancaster, invaded England professedly to recover his estates and honours. On Richard's return he obtained possession of his person, and forced him to resign the crown. He then claimed the vacant throne, which was bestowed on him. In this reign peers were first created by patent. Westminster Hall was rebuilt. HOUSE OF LANCASTER. HENRY IV., of BOLINGBROKE. =D.= He was the son of John of Gaunt, and grandson of Edward III. =B.= at Bolingbroke, 1366. =M.= (1) Mary, daughter of the earl of Hereford; (2) Jane, daughter of the king of Navarre. =Dd.= at Westminster, March 20, 1413. =R.= 13-1/2 years (1399 to 1413). 1399. Knights of the Bath first created, at the king's coronation. 1401. _Statute passed for burning heretics._ A clergyman, named William Sawtre, burnt for holding the doctrines of the Lollards--the first English martyr. 1402. The Welsh defeated Sir Edmund Mortimer near KNYGHTON, in Radnorshire (June 12). The Scots invaded England, and were vanquished at NESBIT MOOR (June 22). They were again defeated by the Percies at HOMILDON HILL (Sept. 14). 1403. =Rebellion of the Percies.= The Percies conspired with Sir Edmund Mortimer and Owen Glendower, the Welsh chief. Hotspur defeated and slain at SHREWSBURY (July 21). "One of the most obstinate and bloody battles recorded in English history." 1405. James of Scotland, son of Robert III., captured as he was proceeding to France. New conspiracy of Percy, earl of Northumberland, and his friends. Scrope, archbishop of York, one of the conspirators, executed--=the first instance in our annals of a prelate undergoing capital punishment=. 1407. England visited by a terrible pestilence. 1408. The earl of Northumberland defeated and slain at BRAMHAM MOOR, near Tadcaster (Feb. 18). 1410. John Badby, a Lollard, executed for heresy. In this reign _the influence of parliament was considerably increased_. The members indulged more freely in liberty of speech, and carried their inquiries into every department of the government. HENRY V., of MONMOUTH. =D.= He was the son of Henry IV. =B.= at Monmouth, 1388. =M.= Catherine, daughter of Charles VI. of France. =Dd.= at Vincennes, Aug. 31, 1422. =R.= 9-1/2 years (1413 to 1422).