1097. William built a wall round the Tower, a bridge over the Thames, and a great hall at Westminster. 1098. Magnus, king of Norway, made a descent on the Isle of Anglesea, but was repulsed. =This was the last attempt made by the Northmen upon England.= 1099. Jerusalem taken by the Crusaders. 1100. It is said that the Goodwin Sands were formed this year by an inundation of the sea, which overflowed 4,000 acres of land, off the coast of Kent, which had formerly belonged to earl Godwin. HENRY I., surnamed BEAUCLERK. =D.= He was the brother of William II. =B.= at Selby, in Yorkshire, 1070. =M.= (1) Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III. of Scotland, and of Margaret, sister of Edgar Atheling; (2) Adelicia, daughter of the duke of Louvaine, and niece to Pope Calixtus. =Dd.= at Rouen, Dec. 1, 1135. =R.= 35 years (1100 to 1135). 1101. Robert, who had returned from the Crusade, landed in England to assert his claim to the crown. He renounced his pretensions on condition of receiving 3,000 marks a year. 1106. Henry invaded Normandy, defeated Robert at TENCHEBRAI (Sept. 28), and took him prisoner. =He annexed the duchy to the kingdom.= 1117. William, son of Robert, aided by Louis VI. of France, and the earls of Flanders and Anjou, tried to recover Normandy. 1118. Establishment of the Order of Knights Templars. 1119. Henry defeated Louis at BRENVILLE, near Noyon. 1120. Henry's only son, William, drowned at sea. 1128. William, son of Robert, mortally wounded at ALOST, in Flanders. 1135. Robert died in Cardiff Castle, after an imprisonment of more than twenty-eight years. STEPHEN of BLOIS. =D.= He was the son of Stephen, earl of Blois, and of Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror. =B.= about 1096. =M.= Matilda, daughter of the count of Boulogne, and of Mary of Scotland, sister to Henry I.'s wife Matilda. =Dd.= at Canterbury, Oct. 25, 1154. =R.= 19 years (1135 to 1154). 1135. The crown, which was left by the late king to his daughter Matilda (widow of Henry V., emperor of Germany, and wife of Geoffrey Plantagenet, earl of Anjou), usurped by Stephen. 1138. David I. of Scotland invaded England to support the cause of his niece Matilda. He was defeated at NORTHALLERTON (Aug. 22). This battle generally called the Battle of the Standard. 1139. Peace concluded with Scotland. Matilda, accompanied by her natural brother, Robert of Gloucester, invaded England. =Civil war, which lasted for several years, and enabled the nobles to plunder and oppress the people.= 1141. Stephen defeated near LINCOLN, and taken prisoner (Feb. 2). Robert, in retreating from Winchester, captured, and afterwards exchanged for Stephen. 1147. Death of Robert of Gloucester. Matilda retired to Normandy. 1152. Matilda's son Henry married Eleanor, the divorced wife of Louis VII., and thus acquired Poitou and Aquitaine. 1153. ~Treaty of Winchester~, which provided for the succession of Henry on the death of Stephen. THE PLANTAGENET LINE. HENRY II.